原料介绍|芫荽 (Coriander)

芫荽

芫荽 Coriander


拉丁学名|Coriandrum sativum
主要产地|印度
原料分类|香料系列
原料规格|500g-25kg 详情请咨询业务
萃取部位|种子
萃取方式|蒸馏
植物科別|伞形科
植物气味|带有香甜、木质调的特殊气味

▎精油簡介

芫荽Coriander又名胡荽,一般认为是由阿拉伯传入中国,所以才称作“胡荽”,在台湾俗名为“香菜”,其学名则源自拉丁语中,意味着椿象的koris,是一种草长50-90cm的耐寒性1年生草本植物,有细致鲜艳的叶片,芫荽是整个欧洲与中东地区经常使用的香草,目前在世界各地均有种植。

叶片和种子含有芳香成分,芫荽叶是台湾料理不可或缺的香料之一,能够去除肉类的腥羶味,增添风味。精油是萃取自完全成熟、干燥的种子,而香菜的果实称之为芫荽籽( Coriander Seeds),圆圆像蛋,直径约3-5mm,被研究出在果实的成熟每一阶段,所含的化学成分及比例都不同,成熟后的果实,取下晒干后变浅褐色,在未晒干前,可以将香菜籽萃取提炼出精油,即Coriander seeds essential oil,味道和原种子味道几乎相近,香菜籽精油呈现无色透明至淡黄色。

虽然尚未成熟的果实具有和叶片相同的特殊香气,但完全成熟后会转变为辛辣清爽的香气,在香水工业上,香菜籽精油由于优异的定香功能,以及可以与各种香气完美融合,尤其可以提供一种特别男性的阳刚气味,因此经常被用于调香之中。

▎成分解析

|主要成分:单萜

芫荽精油的化学组成会因植物来源和种子成熟度而有所不同。其中含量较高的是沉香醇(右旋沉香醇或称为芫荽醇coriander),约60-87%,其次是单萜烯类(蒎烯、萜品烯等微量成分)。

|研究认证

▸ Machendra 和Bisht在2011年研究香菜籽精油和香菜的水醇萃取物(以含水的酒精萃取),舒缓焦虑的效果,实验证实了前人(2005年Emamghoreishi等人)的研究结果。

|原料认证

▎参考文献

  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT, 2012. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, no. 98. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 1192 pp.
  2. Britton NL, Wilson P, 1923-1926. Botany of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. New York, USA: New York Academy of Sciences.
  3. Diederichsen A, Rugayah, 1999. Coriandrum sativum L. In: Guzman CC de, Siemonsma JS, Eds. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 13: Spices. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 104-108.
  4. Flora Mesoamericana, 2015. Flora Mesoamericana. Tropicos website St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria.
  5. Ravindran, PN, 2017. Encyclopedia of herbs and spices. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  6. T.Eguale. G.Tilahun. A.Debella. A.Feleke. E.Makonnen. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum against Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology。 April 2007, Pages 428-433
  7. Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. Khaled Mohamed M. Wahdan. Blending of corn oil with black cumin (Nigella sativa) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed oils: Impact on functionality, stability and radical scueing .iv. , 15 May 2012, Pages 873-879
  8. Lucia Caputo et al. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System. Journals. IJMS. Volume 17. Issue 12. 10.3390/ijms17121999
  9. Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Mohamed Mostafa Afify Amer & Ahmed El-Said Awad. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil improves plasma lipid profile in rats fed a diet containing cholesterol. European Research and volume 2008)
  10. Vasudevan Mani 1* & Milind Parle.MEMORY-ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM IN RATS Pharmacologyonline 2: 827-839 (2009)
  11. Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. September 2011. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 43(5):574-7
  12. Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) A review May 2013. British Food Journal 115(5):743-755.

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