芫荽 Coriander
拉丁学名|Coriandrum sativum
主要产地|印度
原料分类|香料系列
原料规格|500g-25kg 详情请咨询业务
萃取部位|种子
萃取方式|蒸馏
植物科別|伞形科
植物气味|带有香甜、木质调的特殊气味
▎精油簡介
芫荽Coriander又名胡荽,一般认为是由阿拉伯传入中国,所以才称作“胡荽”,在台湾俗名为“香菜”,其学名则源自拉丁语中,意味着椿象的koris,是一种草长50-90cm的耐寒性1年生草本植物,有细致鲜艳的叶片,芫荽是整个欧洲与中东地区经常使用的香草,目前在世界各地均有种植。
叶片和种子含有芳香成分,芫荽叶是台湾料理不可或缺的香料之一,能够去除肉类的腥羶味,增添风味。精油是萃取自完全成熟、干燥的种子,而香菜的果实称之为芫荽籽( Coriander Seeds),圆圆像蛋,直径约3-5mm,被研究出在果实的成熟每一阶段,所含的化学成分及比例都不同,成熟后的果实,取下晒干后变浅褐色,在未晒干前,可以将香菜籽萃取提炼出精油,即Coriander seeds essential oil,味道和原种子味道几乎相近,香菜籽精油呈现无色透明至淡黄色。
虽然尚未成熟的果实具有和叶片相同的特殊香气,但完全成熟后会转变为辛辣清爽的香气,在香水工业上,香菜籽精油由于优异的定香功能,以及可以与各种香气完美融合,尤其可以提供一种特别男性的阳刚气味,因此经常被用于调香之中。
▎成分解析
|主要成分:单萜类
芫荽精油的化学组成会因植物来源和种子成熟度而有所不同。其中含量较高的是沉香醇(右旋沉香醇或称为芫荽醇coriander),约60-87%,其次是单萜烯类(蒎烯、萜品烯等微量成分)。
|研究认证
▸ Machendra 和Bisht在2011年研究香菜籽精油和香菜的水醇萃取物(以含水的酒精萃取),舒缓焦虑的效果,实验证实了前人(2005年Emamghoreishi等人)的研究结果。
|原料认证
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▎参考文献
- Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT, 2012. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, no. 98. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 1192 pp.
- Britton NL, Wilson P, 1923-1926. Botany of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. New York, USA: New York Academy of Sciences.
- Diederichsen A, Rugayah, 1999. Coriandrum sativum L. In: Guzman CC de, Siemonsma JS, Eds. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 13: Spices. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 104-108.
- Flora Mesoamericana, 2015. Flora Mesoamericana. Tropicos website St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria.
- Ravindran, PN, 2017. Encyclopedia of herbs and spices. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- T.Eguale. G.Tilahun. A.Debella. A.Feleke. E.Makonnen. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum against Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology。 April 2007, Pages 428-433
- Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. Khaled Mohamed M. Wahdan. Blending of corn oil with black cumin (Nigella sativa) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed oils: Impact on functionality, stability and radical scueing .iv. , 15 May 2012, Pages 873-879
- Lucia Caputo et al. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System. Journals. IJMS. Volume 17. Issue 12. 10.3390/ijms17121999
- Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Mohamed Mostafa Afify Amer & Ahmed El-Said Awad. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil improves plasma lipid profile in rats fed a diet containing cholesterol. European Research and volume 2008)
- Vasudevan Mani 1* & Milind Parle.MEMORY-ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM IN RATS Pharmacologyonline 2: 827-839 (2009)
- Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. September 2011. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 43(5):574-7
- Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) A review May 2013. British Food Journal 115(5):743-755.
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