原料介绍｜杜松浆果 (Juniper Berry)

▎精油简介

杜松浆果Juniperus communis，源自拉丁语中juniores，「经常会结新果实的树」，树高3-10米的常绿树，树干为棕红色，果实小巧，一棵树同时会有新结的未成熟绿色果实及经过2年的成熟黑色果实，精油是萃取自成熟果实。杜松使用时间很早，在埃及和欧洲文献都可见，古埃及人将它当除病菌剂，古希腊人和西藏都是以燃烧杜松来防止流行病传染，它也代表驱除致病因素的意义，因此常出现在宗教仪式中。

杜松也被用于琴酒(又叫杜松子酒，Gin )的提香，原本是17世纪荷兰医生Franciscus Sylviu采用具帮助排尿作用的杜松浆果所制作出来的药酒。杜松除了是药材之外，也常是制作饮料的添加物或是腌制食物的调味料。另外因为杜松可以减少负面情绪、将意志变坚强、勇于接受挑战，亦被喻为希腊神话中像征勇气的太阳神海格力斯。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：萜烯类

主要有α-蒎烯，β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、香桧烯、β-石竹烯、大根香叶烯-D及其多种微量成分等。

｜研究认证

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｜原料认证

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▎参考文献

1. Turan Yaman , Ahmet Uyar , Ahmet Ufuk Kömüroğlu , Ömer Faruk Keleş , Zabit Yener. Chemopreventive efficacy of juniper berry oil ( Juniperussis communis L.) on azoxymethane-induced corat carcinor. 133-146
2. Peruč D, Tićac B, Broznić D, Maglica Ž, Šarolić M, Gobin I. Juniperus communis essential oil limit the biofilm formation of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare on polystulel on. Mar 20:1-14.
3. Tomović V, Šojić B, Savanović J, Kocić-Tanackov S, Pavlić B, Jokanović M, Đorđević V, Parunović N, Martinović A, Vujadinović D. New Formulation to Parunović N, Martinović A, Vujadinović D. New Formulation to Eswards Health for Products:ović A, Vujadinović D. New Formulation to Eswards Health for Productsth: Junh. Sodium Nitrite in Dry Fermented Sausages. Foods. 2020 Aug 6;9(8):1066.
4. Raina R, Verma PK, Peshin R, Kour H. Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine. Heliyon. 2019 Aug 31;5(8):e02376.
5. Hajdari A, Mustafa B, Nebija D, Miftari E, Quave CL, Novak J. Chemical Composition of Juniperus communis L. Cone Essential Oil and Its Variability among Wild Populations in Kosovo. Chem Biodivers. 2015 Nov;12(11): 1706-17.
6. Gumral N, Kumbul DD, Aylak F, Saygin M, Savik E.
   Juniperus communis Linn oil decreases oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzymes in the heart of rats administered a diet rich in cholesterol. Toxicol Ind Health. 2015 Jan;31(1):85-91.
7. Waly MI, Al-Rawahi AS, Al Riyami M, Al-Kindi MA, Al-Issaei HK, Farooq SA, Al-Alawi A, Rahman MS. Amelioration of azoxymethane induced-carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by natress extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Feb 18;14:60.
8. Yesilbag D, Cengiz SS, Cetin I, Meral Y, Biricik H. Influence of juniper (Juniperus communis) oil on growth performance and meat quality as a natural antioxidant in quail diets. Br Poult Sci. 2014; 495-500.
9. Cabral C, Francisco V, Cavaleiro C, Gonçalves MJ, Cruz MT, Sales F, Batista MT, Salgueiro L. Essential oil of Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (Suter) Celak needles: chemical composition, antifungal 問題. . 2012 Sep;26(9):1352-7.
10. Loizzo MR, Saab AM, Tundis R, Statti GA, Menichini F, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Cinatl J, Doerr HW. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of sanalysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of sanaly Lebanon species. ;5(3):461-70.
11. Final report on the safety assessment of Juniperus communis Extract,
    Juniperus oxycedrus Extract, Juniperus oxycedrus Tar, Juniperus phoenicea extract, and Juniperus virginiana Extract. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 2:41-56.

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