原料介绍｜甜桦树 (Birch sweet)

▎精油简介

甜桦树（Betula lenta）又称「桦木」，也称为「黑桦树」、「樱桃桦树」、「桃花心木桦树」或「香料桦树」，相较其他桦木，是较为矮小的树种，有明亮的绿叶与深红棕色的芳香树皮。具甜美的木质香气，类似白珠树的味道，主要化学成分含有水杨酸甲酯，是阿司匹林的主要成分之一。

甜桦木精油是从该树木的树皮中蒸汽蒸馏而来，在蒸馏前必须将树皮浸软、浸湿至12个小时，这种精油具有香甜的、刺鼻的、薄荷的、新鲜的、樟脑香气，让人联想到杀菌药膏。目前桦木精油质量较好的产区为美国。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：酯类

透过水蒸馏获得的天然甜桦木精油中鉴定出60 多种化合物。油主要是水杨酸甲酯(93.24-99.84%)，次要成分o-愈创木酚、藜芦醇、2- E -4- Z -癸二醛和2- E -4- E -癸二醛被确定为正宗甜桦木油的天然基本化合物。

｜研究认证

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｜原料认证

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▎参考文献

1. Dosoky NS, et al. Authentication and Market Survey of Sweet Birch (Betula lenta L.) Essential Oil. Plants (Basel). 2022. Aug 16;11(16):2132.
2. Guo J, et al. Safety and efficacy of compound methyl salicylate liniment for topical pain: A multicenter real-world study in China. Front Pharmacol. 2022. Oct 21;13:1015941.
3. Yeoh SC, et al. Topical delivery of salicylates. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022. May;12(5):981-1001.
4. Singewar K, et al. Transcriptome analysis of North American sweet birch (Betula lenta) revealed a higher expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites than European silver birch (B. Plant pendula). J. J Plant.201. 134(6):1253-1264.
5. Liu H, et al. Nondestructive Sampling for Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Egg Masses in Woodlands Based on Fixed-Radius Plots. J Econ Entomol. 2021. Jun 11;114(3):1353-1361.
6. Wheeler KI, et al. Visible and near-infrared hyperspectral indices explain more variation in lower-crown leaf nitrogen concentrations in autumn than in summer. Oecologia. 2020. Jan;192(1):13-27.
7. Singewar K, et al. Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species. PLoS One. 2020. Oct 8;15(10):e0240246.
8. Ignace DD. Determinants of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration with the decline of a foundation species. PLoS One. 2019. Oct 17;14(10):e0223566.
9. Gewirtzman J, et al. Soil Warming Accelerates Biogeochemical Silica Cycling in a Temperate Forest. Front Plant Sci. 2019. Sep 11;10:1097.
10. Boyd A, et al. Herbal medicinal products or preparations for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. Apr 2;4(4):CD010528.
11. Rodgers VL, et al. Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species. AoB Plants. 2018. Jan 17;10(1):ply003.
12. Falxa-Raymond N, et al. Oak loss increases foliar nitrogen, δ(15)N and growth rates of Betula lenta in a northern temperate deciduous forest. Tree Physiol. 2012. Sep;32(9):1092-101.
13. Daley MJ, et al. Hydraulic responses to environmental perturbations in Tsuga canadensis and Betula lenta. Tree Physiol. 2008. Sep;28(9):1341-8.

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