原料介绍｜野马郁兰 (Oregano)

▎精油简介

野马郁兰Origanum vulgare，俗称牛至又称奥勒冈，原名是墨角伦草，约30-70公分高的多年生草本植物，质地坚硬、茎直立、多毛，叶片小、分枝顶端簇生浅紫或粉红色的花朵。原产于地中海地区，与甜马郁兰(Origanum marjorana)是同一科属的植物，它们也是近亲，功效上有不少相似的地方，被称为大自然的抗生素。这个属有很多种类，学名及俗名也容易混淆。由于野马郁兰精油有高含量的酚类分子，可能会刺激黏膜组织,，使用起来也要相对小心谨慎。

埃及人会用野马郁兰当沐浴油来泡澡，而希腊人把它应用在比较严肃或神圣的场合，将它种在墓地周围，来帮助死者的灵魂得到安宁，而在几世纪之前野马郁兰就被使用在烹调和传统医疗上，医学之父希伯克拉底曾用它来当作净化剂，并用来帮助肠胃蠕动和呼吸系统，古希腊人曾用来预防伤口细菌感染及减少食物腐坏，在地中海地区更是广泛用做烹饪调味料和降低牙痛。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：酚类

主要成分为香芹芥酚(高达40-60%)，以及百里酚，和其他成分β-石竹烯、对伞花烃、 α-萜品烯。。

｜研究认证

｜原料认证

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▎参考文献

1. Isis Caroline S Cirino 1, Suellen Maria P Menezes-Silva, Helena Tainá D Silva, Evandro Leite de Souza, José P Siqueira-Júnior. The Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare L. and Its Individual Constituents Carvacrol and Thymol Enhance the Effect of Tetracycline against Staphylococcus aureus. Chemotherapy. 2014;60(5-6):290-3.
2. Silva da Luz I, Gomes Neto NJ, Tavares AG, Nunes PC, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Lack of induction of direct protection or cross-protection in Staphylococcus aureus by sublethal concentrations of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil and carvacrol in a meat-based medium. Arch Microbiol. 2013 Aug;195(8):587-93.
3. Lofa A, Velasco V, Gerding M, López MD, Vallejos D, Bonilla AM, Logue CM. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains of swine origin: molecular typing and susceptibility to oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil and maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) extract. J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Oct;127(4):1048-1056.
4. Lombrea A, Antal D, Ardelean F, Avram S, Pavel IZ, Vlaia L, Mut AM, Diaconeasa Z, Dehelean CA, Soica C, Danciu C. A Recent Insight Regarding the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil . Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 17;21(24):9653.
5. Sharifi-Rad M, Berkay Yılmaz Y, Antika G, Salehi B, Tumer TB, Kulandaisamy Venil C, Das G, Patra JK, Karazhan N, Akram M, Iqbal M, Imran M, Sen S, Acharya K, Dey A , Sharifi-Rad J. Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and health-promoting effects of the genus Origanum. Phytother Res. 2020 Aug 12.
6. Lukas B, Schmiderer C, Novak J. Essential oil diversity of European Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry. 2015 Nov;119:32-40.
7. Tasdemir D, Kaiser M, Demirci B, Demirci F, Baser KHC. Antiprotozoal Activity of Turkish Origanum onites Essential Oil and Its Components. Molecules. 2019 Dec 3;24(23):4421.
8. Baser KH. Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(29):3106-19.
9. Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E. Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresour Technol. 2008 Dec;99(18):8788-95.
10. Bouyahya A, Zengin G, Belmehdi O, Bourais I, Chamkhi I, Taha D, Benali T, Dakka N, Bakri Y. Origanum compactum Benth., from traditional use to biotechnological applications. J Food Biochem. 2020 Aug;44( 8):e13251.

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