原料介绍｜广藿香 (Patchouli)

▎精油简介

广藿香名称源自于坦米尔语，patchi表示「绿」，ilai则是「叶」，具有刚性的茎，草长约1公尺左右，并产生小而浅的粉红色花朵。该植物原产于东南亚的热带地区，主要用在驱虫的效用，后来当广藿香传至欧洲地区后，开始被运用于香水及纺织工业，现在在中国，印度，马来西亚，印度尼西亚，菲律宾，台湾，泰国和越南已广泛种植。

广藿香精油的过程就像制作葡萄酒一般，先将叶子干燥发酵后再进行蒸馏，经轻微发酵或干燥叶子破碎，所以香气会随着时间变得更加浓郁芳香，而且愈陈愈香。这样的香气特质，因为挥发的速度慢，所以成为制作香水时不可或缺的定香元素。广藿香叶可以每年收获几次，当它们干燥时，可以出口蒸馏。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：倍半萜醇和倍半萜烯

主要成分为广藿香醇(patehouli alcohol)，和α及ß -布藜烯(ß-bulnesene)，还有一些微量成分，如:愈创木烯、西车烯、绿花白千层等。

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▎参考文献

1. Yang FC, Xu LZ, Zou ZM, Yang SL. Pharmacokinetics of patchouli alcohol and patchouli alcohol in patchouli oil after iv administrated to rats.Yao xue xue bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 01 Sep 2004, 39(9):726- 729
2. Guanying Hu , Cheng Peng , Xiaofang Xie , Sanyin Zhang , Xiaoyu Cao. Availability, Pharmaceutics, Security, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Patchouli Alcohol. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:4850612.
3. Mallappa Kumara Swamy et al. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.): Botany, agrotechnology and biotechnological aspects. Industrial Crops and Products.Volume 87, September 2016, Pages 161-176.
4. A.Donelian et al. Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. Volume 48, Issue 1, February 2009, Pages 15-20.
5. Xian Yang, Xue Zhang, Shui-Ping Yang, and Wei-Qi Liu. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Patchouli Oil. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013 Summer; 12(3): 307–316.
6. Singh M, Sharma S, Ramesh S. oil yield and oil quality of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] influenced by irrigation, organic mulch and nitrogen application in semi-arid tropical climate. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2002 ;16:101–107.
7. Sadeghi-Nejad B, Sadhu Deokule S. Antidermatophytic activity of Pogostemon parviflorus benth. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2010;9:279–285.
8. Yu-CuiLi et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in animal models. Fitoterapia Volume 82, Issue 8, December 2011, Pages 1295-1301.
9. Donelian A, Carlsonb LHC, Lopes TJ, Machado RAF. Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation. J. Super. Flui. 2009;48:15–20.
10. Hu LF, Li SP, Cao H, Liu JJ, Gao JL, Yang FQ, Wang YT. GC-MS fingerprint of pogostemon cablin in China. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2006;42:200–206.
11. Kraft P, Eichenberger W, Frech D. From vetiver to patchouli:discovery of a new high-impact spirocyclic patchouli odorant. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005:3233–3245
12. Srikrishn A, Satyanarayana G. An enantiospecific total synthesis of (-)-patchouli alcohol. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 2005;16:3992–3997.
13. Deguerry F, Pastore L, Wu SQ, Clark A, Chappell J, Schalk M. The diverse sesquiterpene profile of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, is correlated with a limited number of sesquiterpene synthases. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2006;454: 123–136.

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