Rosemary
Rosmarinus officinalis (CT 1.8 Cineole)

【Overview】

Origin | Morocco
Botanical Family | Lamiaceae
Aroma | Fresh and sweet floral scent.
Extraction Part | Whole plant
Extraction Method | Steam distillation

1.8 cineole Rosemary, originating from the region of Morocco, exhibits remarkable vitality due to the harsh climate, dryness, high temperatures, and intense sunlight in the area. Rosemary thrives in sandy, infertile, and arid soils, making it well-suited for the challenging local environment.

Its composition consists of approximately 50% cineole, around 10% camphor, which contributes to the distinctive aroma of cineole Rosemary. Thanks to the proportion of 1,8 cineole, it is considered one of the typical and useful essential oils for respiratory symptoms. It has a beneficial effect on soothing coughs, expectorating mucus, and relieving respiratory discomfort. Camphor has a positive impact on heart function regulation and cardiovascular health. Furthermore, the diverse components of cineole Rosemary provide it with the ability to promote moisture movement, spleen nourishment, and humidity reduction.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Oxides

The main component is 1,8-cineole (known for its mucus-expectorant properties), along with α-pinene, ß-pinene, and other trace components such as camphor, borneol, and santalol.

【Ingredient Analysis】

1. 1,8 Cineole

With a high content of up to 50% oxide (1,8-cineole), cineole Rosemary essential oil demonstrates noticeable respiratory system regulation and stimulates the body's defense mechanisms.

• Pharmacokinetics: Studies have shown that 1,8-cineole inhibits the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid and cytokine production in human monocytes. By controlling mediators of inflammation, it helps regulate the inflammatory response.

• Benefits: It regulates respiratory discomfort, boosts resistance, alleviates coughs, expectorates mucus, relieves pain, and soothes inflammation.

• Uses: It is commonly used in medicinal soaps, sprays, cosmetic fragrances, and other hygiene products such as toothpaste. It is also employed in industrial products to mask unpleasant odors and can be used as an insecticide and repellent.

2. Camphor

• Benefits: Camphor, a naturally occurring compound, is commonly used as the main ingredient in topical analgesics and can regulate heart function.
• Uses: Camphor is found in nature and can also be synthetic. It is used as a plasticizer, insect repellent, varnish, preservative, cosmetic ingredient, antimicrobial agent, fragrance enhancer in industrial products, and household items such as nail polish, floor wax, and adhesives.

➢ Rosemary Comparisons

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses/Characteristics

• Respiratory system treatment: Cough, excessive phlegm, respiratory discomfort, air purification.
• Regulation of weak heart and low blood pressure.
• Assisting in regulating excessive fatigue, excessive mental strain, and nervous exhaustion.
• Liver purification and gallbladder function promotion.

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing, antimicrobial, skin regulation, and purification, inflammation soothing.

Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing foam, toner, essence, lotion, skin-regulating liquid, cream, eye cream, etc.

2. Body Car Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, suitable for regulating excessive fatigue, promoting body fluid circulation.

Examples: Shampoo, body wash, bath accessories, soothing lotion, anti-itch.

3. Daily Necessities

Benefits: Soothing respiratory sensitivity, preventing respiratory discomfort, air purification, perfumes, etc
Examples: Massage oil, essential oil spray, diffuser, fragrance products, toothpaste, throat lozenges, etc.

4. Enviromental Cleaning Products

4. Benefits: Inhibition of microorganisms, purification, odor control, preservation. Examples: Purification spray, antimicrobial hand wash, insecticides, and repellents.

➢ Research has shown that cineole can help repel insects.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage:

• Solubility: Lipophilic (Oil-soluble)
• Method of Mixing:
- Add at room temperature in the formulation; no additional heating is required to avoid prolonged high temperature exposure.
- Incorporate the oil phase into the emulsion before emulsification.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage proportion according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be diluted before use.
• Perform a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.
• Please use in normal dosage.

Reference｜

1.Nogueira de Melo GA, Grespan R, Fonseca JP, Farinha TO, Silva EL, Romero AL, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RK. Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil inhibits in vivo and in vitro leukocyte migration.J Med Food. 2011 Sep;14(9):944-6.

2.da Silva Bomfim N, Kohiyama CY, Nakasugi LP, Nerilo SB, Mossini SAG, Romoli JCZ, Graton Mikcha JM, Abreu Filho BA, Machinski M Jr. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against Aspergillus flavus.Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2020 Jan;37(1):153-161.

3.Borges RS, Ortiz BLS, Pereira ACM, Keita H, Carvalho JCT.Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: A review of its phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory activity, and mechanisms of action involved. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jan 30;229:29-45.

.Neves JA, Neves JA, Oliveira RCM. Pharmacological and biotechnological advances with Rosmarinus officinalis L. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2018 May;28(5):399-413.

5.Kenichi Tomi et al. Enantioselective GC–MS analysis of volatile components from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils and hydrosols. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry .Volume 80, 2016 - Issue 5

6.Natalia da Silva Bomfim et al. Antifungal Activity and Inhibition of Fumonisin Production by Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Essential Oil in Fusarium Verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg. Food Chem 2015 Jan 1;166:330-6.

7.Aleksandar Rašković et al. Analgesic effects of rosemary essential oil and its interactions with codeine and paracetamol in mice.BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14(1):225 · July 2014

8.Sfara, V.; Zerba, E. N.; Alzogaray, R. A. Fumigant Insecticidal Activity and Repellent Effect of Five Essential Oils and Seven Monoterpenes on First-Instar Nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus. Journal of Medical Entomology. May 2009, 46 (3): 511–515.

9.U R Juergens , U Dethlefsen, G Steinkamp, A Gillissen, R Repges, H Vetter. Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med. 2003 Mar;97(3):250-6.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Rosemary 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Yarrow
Achillea millefolium

【Overview】

Origin: Hungary
Botanical Family: Asteraceae
Botanical Scent: Typically has a medicinal aroma with camphor notes, but the scent can vary due to different chemical compositions.
Extraction Part: Whole plant
Extraction Method: Steam distillation

Yarrow essential oil originates from Pécs, one of the ancient cities in Hungary, situated between the Danube and Drava rivers. The climate in this region is pleasant, with relatively long hours of sunshine throughout the year, falling under a continental temperate deciduous forest climate. Yarrow is highly cold-resistant and grows in grassy slopes, favoring environments with abundant sunlight and well-draining soil.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones, oxides

Yarrow (Achilea millefolium) essential oil is obtained through steam distillation, and its composition includes monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones, and oxides. The primary constituents are chamazulene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha- and beta-pinene, sabinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate, camphor, borneol, and more. This combination of components indicates its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antimicrobial properties.

➢ Pharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics of Yarrow (Achilea millefolium): A review.
Commonly used for gastrointestinal discomfort, liver and gynecological conditions, inflammation resistance, and wound healing. It exhibits potential anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties.

【Component Analysis】

1. Chamazulene

• Azulene is a blue substance formed during the distillation process.
Chamazulene is derived from azulene.
• Benefits: Regulates inflammation, modulates leukotrienes (inflammatory precursors), aids in skin recovery, and assists with ulcers.

➢ In vitro and in vivo models have shown that Chamazulene reverses arthritis inflammation by regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the NF-kβ pathway.

2. Sabinene

• Benefits: Regulates chronic inflammation.

➢  Sabinene has been found to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy by modulating the rat MAPK-MuRF-1 pathway.

3. ß-caryophyllene

• Benefits: Regulates inflammation, provides pain relief, aids in wound healing.

➢  Beta-caryophyllene assists in wound healing through multiple pathways.

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses/Features

1. Skincare Products

Such as: Facial soap, cleansing mousse, toner, essence, emulsion, skin balancing lotion, cream, eye cream, etc.
Effects: Cleanses and inhibits microorganisms, balances skin, soothes and regulates, purifies the skin, and aids in skin recovery.

2. Body Care Products

Such as: Shampoo, shower gel, bath accessories, soothing lotion, soothing balm.
Effects: Inhibits microorganisms, soothes inflammation, relieves itching, alleviates skin discomfort, improves circulation, and promotes wound healing.

3. Daily Necessities Products

Such as: Massage oil, pain relief ointment, etc.
Effects: Soothes/relaxes muscles, aids in bile secretion, alleviates sprains and pain, and has anti-anxiety effects.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products 

Such as: Purifying spray, hand wash.
Effects: Inhibits microorganisms, purifies the air.

➢  Hydroxyethanol extract of Yarrow: An effective ingredient used in cosmetics, with significant potential to enhance the effectiveness of cosmetic ingredients.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage

• Solubility: Lipophilic (fat-soluble)

• Mixing Method

Add at room temperature without additional heating to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

Add the cosmetic product to the oil phase for dissolution at room temperature, and then mix and participate in the emulsification process.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material; it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Conduct a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.
• Please use in normal doses.

Reference｜

1. Ding Ma , Jinlong He , Dapeng He. Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo models. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Feb;84(2): 402-410.
2. Rezaei S, Ashkar F, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Gholamalizadeh M, Mazloom Z, Doaei S. Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis . 2020 Apr 27;19(1):81.
3. Gaweł-Bęben K, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Czop M, Sakipova Z, Głowniak K, Kukula-Koch W. Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. Hydroglycolic Extracts-Bioactive Ingredients for Cosmetic Use.Molecules. 2020 Jul 24; 25(15):3368.
4. Yunkyoung Ryu et al. Sabinene Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting the MAPK-MuRF-1 Pathway in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 8;20(19):4955.
5. Ayoobi F, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Amiri H, Vakilian A, Heidari M, Farahmand H, Fathollahi MS, Fatemi I, Shafiei SA, Alahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Achillea millefolium is beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2019 Jan;52:89-97.
6. Sachiko Koyama et al. Beta-caryophyllene enhances wound healing through multiple routes, PLoS One. 2019 Dec 16;14(12):e0216104.
7. Ali SI, Gopalakrishnan B, Venkatesalu V. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytother Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):1140-1161.
8. García-Risco MR, Mouhid L, Salas-Pérez L, López-Padilla A, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Ramírez de Molina A, Reglero G, Fornari T. Biological Activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) Plant Extracts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2017 Mar;72(1):96-102.
9. Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA.Safety Assessment of Achillea millefolium as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2016 Nov;35(3 suppl):5S-15S.
10. Akram M.Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn. J Membr Biol. 2013 Sep;246(9):661-3.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Yarrow 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。