▎Essential Oil Introduction

Clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllus), originating from the Moluccas Islands of Indonesia, now grow in Madagascar, the Philippines, and other regions with similar climates, as they are tropical plants. The flower buds, used as raw material, are known as Clou. Due to their needle-like shape, they are also referred to as 'Ding Zi Xiang' in China. Among spices, cloves have strong aroma, they are available as ground cloves or whole dried buds. Adding a small amount to fish dishes can enhance its flavor and depth.

Cloves, with their pyramidal tree shape adorned with vibrant red flower buds, are among the island's most beautiful plants. After drying, the flower buds emit a spicy aroma, with strong adsorption capabilities. As early as 200 BC, during the Western Han Dynasty, there were records of ministers chewing cloves before attending court sessions, to exhale a fragrant breath when conversing with the emperor. Clove bud essential oil is extracted from dried, unopened flower buds on the clove tree. Other oils extracted from leaves and stems contain a high concentration of eugenol, which can cause strong irritation to the skin and mucous membranes, making them unsuitable for aromatherapy.

Its scent and components have properties that reduce bacterial growth and reproduction, as well as insect repellent characteristics. In Southeast Asian countries and during plague outbreaks in Europe, cloves were used to prevent and resist the spread of infectious diseases.

▎Essential Oil Effect

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Component：Phenols

Mainly include eugenol, ether syringyl ester, β-caryophyllene, oxides and various other trace components.

｜Essential Oil Extraction Parts

｜Research Validation

▸ Clove shows a strong effect on reducing the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli.

▸ Cloves can relieve pain and help skin wounds to recover, and are also used in spices and condiments.

｜Raw Material Certifications

To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report

Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)

Raw Material Product Technical Data Sheet

IFRA51
Conformity Certificate

82 EU allergens

▎Formula Guide

Prevent Oral Problems

20 drops of Clove buds + 4 ml of Brandy (or alcohol), then take 20 ml of water + 5 drops of clove alcohol, mix evenly and use it as a mouthwash to rinse your mouth.

▎Precautions

• Please adjust the ratio of product according to your personal skin condition.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be used after dilution.
• Please do a local skin test before applying on the face.
• There is no safety concern when used in normal doses.

▎References

1. da Costa JS, da Cruz ENS, Setzer WN, da Silva JKDR, Maia JGS,. Essentials Oils from Brazilian Eugenia and Syzygium Species and Their Biological Activities. Figueiredo PLB.Biomolecules. 2020 Aug 6;10(8):1155.
2. Leal Pinto SM, Herrera Sandoval LV, Vargas LY. In vitro susceptibility of Microsporum spp. and mammalian cells to Eugenia caryophyllus essential oil, eugenol and semisynthetic derivatives. Mycoses. 2019 Jan;62(1):41-50.
3. Xu J, Liu T, Li Y, Liu W, Ding Z, Ma H, Seeram NP, Mu Y, Huang X, Li L. Jamun (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) Fruit Extract Prevents Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiome in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 May;63(9):e1801307.
4. Murina F, Vicariotto F, Di Francesco S. Thymol, eugenol and lactobacilli in a medical device for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. New Microbiol. 2018 Jul;41(3):220-224.
5. Gucwa K, Milewski S, Dymerski T, Szweda P. Investigation of the Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Thymus vulgaris, Citrus limonum, Pelargonium graveolens, Cinnamomum cassia, Ocimum basilicum, and Eugenia caryophyllus Essential Oils. Molecules. 2018 May 8;23(5):1116.
6. Sabiha Sharif Salih. Nask Muhammad Faraj. Abdul Mostafa Hamarash. Effect of Plant Extract ＂Eugenia caryophyllus＂, ＂Cinnamon Zeylanicum＂ on ＂Antibiotic＂ Resistant from ＂Staphylococcus Aureus”. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 5卷4期 (2014 / 08 / 20) , P125 – 128.
7. Han X, Parker TL. Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec;55(1):1619-1622.
8. da Silva MMM, da Silva EP, da Silva FA, Ogando FIB, de Aguiar CL, Damiani C. Physiological development of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica). Food Chem. 2017 Feb 15;217:74-80.
9. Maryam Azizkhani et al. Comparative efficacy of Zataria multiflora Boiss., Origanum compactum and Eugenia caryophyllus essential oils against E. coli O157:H7, feline calicivirus and endogenous microbiota in commercial baby-leaf salads. International Journal of Food Microbiology, Volume 166, Issue 2 September 2013, Pages 249-255.
10. Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res. 2007 Jun;21(6):501-6.
11. Tragoolpua Y, Jatisatienr A. Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & S. G. Harrison and essential oil, eugenol. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1153-8.

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這篇文章 Raw Material Introduction｜Clove Bud 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Pink lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is also called Indian lotus, sacred lotus, or simply lotus. Nelumbo is a perennial herbaceous water-producing plant. It is native to ancient India and later found from Vietnam to Afghanistan. It is generally distributed in subtropical and temperate regions such as Central Asia, West Asia, North America, India, China, and Japan. There are more than 800 cultivated species. Lotus can be propagated by seeds or rhizomes. In particular, its seeds can survive for thousands of years. Some scientists have cultivated some thousand-year-old lotus seeds, and the resulting lotus flowers are still full of vitality. Ancient lotus seeds dating back thousands of years have been unearthed in Pulandian District, Dalian City, China. Two ancient lotus seeds discovered at the Yangshao Cultural Site in Dahe Village, Zhengzhou, China, are more than 3,000 years old, but they are too precious and have not been tested for cultivation.

Lotus prefers an environment with high heat and humidity. For varieties distributed in temperate zones, the evergreen parts will wither on the soil in winter and the lotus stems will swell. Most of the tropical varieties have evergreen parts that do not wilt, and the lotus stems do not swell significantly. The lotus symbolizes patience and peace. It grows in the mud and will bloom large and gorgeous flowers on the water surface with flat and wide leaves. The flowers may be pink, white or blue. The flowers exude a unique fragrance. In Buddhist culture, they also symbolize Eternal life and transcendence. Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, is known as the "Auspicious Goddess". She combines wealth, magnificence, fertility, and vitality. She holds a pink lotus, so the pink lotus also symbolizes bringing good luck

Lotus essence needs to be aged before it can condense its fragrance. Pink lotus essence is a dark pink viscous liquid with a fragrant and sweet aroma, giving people a sense of tranquility and elegance.

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Component

The ingredients are complex and diverse, including caryophyllene oxides, ß-caryophyllene, Cis Jasmone, 1.4-dimethoxybenzene, and other trace components.

｜Types of Lotus

｜Research Validation

▸ The regulation of memory impairment, brain damage, and biochemical characteristics by pink lotus extract in rats has been studied.

▸ The extract from pink lotus petals, based on in vitro experimental results, shows potential for use in cosmetics.

｜Raw Material Certifications

To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report

Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)

Raw Material Product Technical Data Sheet

IFRA51
Conformity Certificate

82 EU allergens

▎References

1. Zhang, C. Y., & Guo, M. Comparing Three Different Extraction Techniques on Essential Oil Profiles of Cultivated and Wild Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Flower. Life(Basel). 2020.sep 16；10(9), 209.
2. Zhang, C. Y., & Guo, M. Comparing Three Different Extraction Techniques on Essential Oil Profiles of Cultivated and Wild Lotus (Nelumbo nucifer2. Yang MY, Hung TW, Wang CJ, Tseng TH. Inhibitory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Extract on 2-Acetylaminofluorene-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Through Enhancing Antioxidative Potential and Alleviating Inflammation in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Aug 22;8(9):329. a) Flower. Life(Basel). 2020.sep 16；10(9), 209.
3. Yamini R, M Kannan, SP Thamaraisevi, D Uma, R Santhi. Phytochemical screening and nutritional analysis of Nelumbo nucifera (Pink lotus) flower petals and seeds. Int J Chem Stud 2019;7(3):3540-3545.
4. Battaglia, S. (2019). Lotus–the sacred flower.
5. Noysang, C., & Boonmatit, N. Preliminary Phytochemicals and Pharmacologic Activities Assessment of White and Pink Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn Flowers. Applied Mechanics and Materials (1662-7482, Vol. 891, pp. 41-51). 2019 Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
6. Jitsaeng, K., & Sungthong, B. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Contents of Various Parts from Two Cultivars of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Journal of Science & Technology MSU . Mar/Apr 2017, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p154-160. 7p.
7. Prabsattroo, T., Wattanathorn, J., Somsapt, P., & Sritragool, O. Positive modulation of pink Nelumbo nucifera flowers on memory impairment, brain damage, and biochemical profiles in restraint rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016(4):1-11.
8. Saraswathi, R. V., & Gricilda Shoba, F. Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Study of Hydroethanolic Petal Extract of Pink Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2015, 5, 2530-2538.
9. Saraswathi, R. V., & Shoba, F. G. Evaluation of anti-renotoxic responses in flowers of Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). January 2015. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 7, 138-142.
10. Durairaj, B., & Dorai, A. Free radical scavenging potential of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn flowers (white and pink). International Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2014, 2(8), 133-146.
11. Venkatesh, B., & Dorai, A. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of white and pink Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn flowers. (2011)IACSIT Press, Singapore, 5, 213-217.
12. Durairaj Brindha, Arthi Dorai. Antiplatelet activity of white and pink Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn flowers. September 2010. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 46(3):579-583
13. Choi, H. S. Headspace Flavor Composition of Pink-Flowered Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). January 2010. Analytical Chemistry Letters,1(3), 194-201.
14. Durairaj, B., & Dorai, A. Evaluation of Antitumor and in vivo antioxidant potentials of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn (white and pink) flowers in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mice. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(10), 2483-2487.
15. Brindha, D., & Arthi, D. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of white and pink Nelumbo nucifera gaertn flowers. Asian journal of pharmaceutical research and health care, 2(2).
16. C. Saengkhae. W. Arunnopparat. P. Sungkhajorn. Antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn on oxidative stress-induced erythrocyte haemolysis in hypertensive and normotensive rats. January 2007. The Journal of Physiological Sciences 20(2):70-78
17. PK Mukherjee 1, K Saha, M Pal, B P Saha. Effect of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome extract on blood sugar level in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997 Nov;58(3):207-13.

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這篇文章 Raw Material Introduction｜Lotus pink 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Lavender, also known as "True lavender" or highland lavender, blooms every May, the average growth altitude is approximately 800 meters or above. It is drought-resistant, with purple flower spikes. Its name derives from the Latin "Lavare," meaning "to wash". In ancient Roman times, people bathed with lavender, believing it could cleanse the soul and body.

Originally native to the Mediterranean coast, lavender spread to Britain and northern Europe as the Romans expanded their empire. Over the past two millennia, it has been widely utilized for medicinal and culinary purposes, now being one of the main plants of traditional European medicine and aromatherapy. The familiar lavender, known as "Lavender," was referred to as "espic" in the 18th century and, in Provence, called "epi." Romans and Greeks used lavender to "purify" and "cleanse" hospital wards and shelters. During the Second World War, Dr. Jean Valnet utilized herbal oils like lavender to treat severe burns and wounds of soldiers, and achieving significant results.

Currently, over 20 varieties of lavender have been discovered, with over a hundred hybrid varieties. However, in aromatherapy, true lavender essential oil remains the most commonly used. Its rich ester structure is gentle and safe, suitable for all ages, and can address various conditions such as headaches, fever, and skin problems.

▎Essential Oil Effect

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Component：Ester

The main components are Linalyl acetate, terpinene, geranyl acetate, serta linalool, pinene, limonene, camphene, ß-caryophyllene, oxide, aldehydes, coumarin, lactone, etc.

｜Types of Lavender

｜Research Validation

▸ A True lavender is known to have soothing and calming effects (Ludvigson and Rottmann 1989；Diego et al.1998，Moss et al.2003；Lehrner et al. 2005).

For instance: Lehrner et al. 2005, Ambient Odors of Orange and Lavender Reduce Anxiety and Improve Mood in a Dental Office. Once again confirmed, True lavender can assist in alleviating emotional distress and calming dental patients' anxiety.

▸ D. Giovannini et al. demonstrated that lavender essential oil exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in the macrophage-mediated response to Staphylococcus aureus.

｜Raw Material Certifications

To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report

Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)

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82 EU allergens

▎Formula Guide

Relieve Anxiety

5 drops Lemon + 3 drops Geranium + 4 drops True lavender + 1 drop Khella + 2 drops Ylang ylang + 15ml cold pressed sesame oil. Campurkan semua dan dihirup. Mix all ingredients and sniff.

Dyshidrotic Eczema

10 drops True lavender + 5 drops Helichrysum + 2 drops German chamomile + 3 drops Cistus + 3 drops Peppermint + 1 drop Oregano. Ｍix with carrier oil and massage.

▎Precautions

• Please adjust the ratio of product according to your personal skin condition.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be used after dilution.
• Please do a local skin test before applying on the face.
• There is no safety concern when used in normal doses.

▎References

1. J Lehrner et al. Ambient Odors of Orange and Lavender Reduce Anxiety and Improve Mood in a Dental Office. Physiol Behav 2005 Sep 15;86(1-2):92-5.
2. Lehrner J et al. Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients. Physiol Behav. 2000 Oct 1-15;71(1-2):83-6.
3. Moss M, Cook J, Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Jan;113(1):15-38.
4. Kritsidima M, et al. The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;38(1):83-7.
5. Woronuk G, Demissie Z, Rheault M, Mahmoud S. Biosynthesis and therapeutic properties of Lavandula essential oil constituents. Planta Med. 2011 Jan;77(1):7-15.
6. Cavanagh HM, Wilkinson JM.Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):301-8.
7. D Giovannini, A Gismondi, A Basso. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential Oil Exerts Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Macrophage Mediated Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus . A Journal of Molecular and Cellular Immunology.Volume 5.V2016, 2016, 2016
8. L Ma .The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the fragrant plant Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae) .Resources Volume 3, 2018
9. Michalina Adaszynska-Skwirzynska , Danuta Szczerbinska . The effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil as a drinking water supplement on the production performance, blood biochemical 138, Scippl 859 365
10. GiuliaCappelli et al. A Corylus avellana L. extract enhances human macrophage bactericidal response against Staphylococcus aureus by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory and iron meta;boleus by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory and iron Journalbolism genes. Journals 4194150 Page Functional 201450, Page 194194756 月
11. Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Moroccan Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Volume 20, 2017
12. Masoud Soheili, Farzaneh Khalaji, The Effect of Essential Oil of Lavandula Angustifolia on Amyloid Beta Polymerization: An In Vitro Study.nternational Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 2017; 07(07): 103-107.
13. Enikő Détár et al. Effects of variety and growth year on the essential oil properties of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) Biochemical System and Ec.
14. Lucia Caputo et al. Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and linalool counteract social aversion induced by social defeat. Molecules. 2018 Oct 19;23(10):2694
15. The Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Extract in Comparison to Antibiotic on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Ileal Microflora, Antioxidant Status and Meat Quality of Broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research 9(4):717ember 5
16. Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Obtained from Different Cultivars and Morphological Parts of Lavandula angustifolia. Journal of essential oil-bearing plants JEOP 21(6):1532-15 1532-1541 1820201 1202011532-1541.

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這篇文章 Raw Material Introduction｜Lavender 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Palo Santo was discovered in South America, but it still belongs to the same plant category as frankincense. Its lifespan is about 80-90 years. When the trunk falls naturally, some locals make incense from it to repel wild bugs, while others chop it into pieces. It is used as incense in purification rituals, and some are used to distill it into meditation essential oils.

Only after the tree trunk falls and is left to decompose in the forest for several years, the resin will be forced into the core of the wood to form essential oils, these essential oils are then distilled. Like frankincense, Palo Santo is also regarded as a spiritual essential oil. In the Inca tradition, it was used to purify the air, drive away negative energy, and bring good luck. It is mainly used by South Americans to repel mosquitoes and treat symptoms such as fevers, infections and skin diseases. Andean Shamans also use Palo Santo essential oils in healing rituals.

▎Essential Oil Effect

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Component：Limonene

Its main component is limonene, accounting for about 45-80%. Other components include α-terpineol, p-cymene, carvone, β-bisabolene, etc., which may be different depending on the source of the planting area or whether the bark is red or white.

｜Research Validation

▸ Adding Palo Santo essential oil into topical gel preparations may help improve Dermal Candidiasis.

▸ Research on the chemical components found in Palo Santo essential oil is expected to lead to the development of an anti-proliferative product.

｜Raw Material Certifications

To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report

Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)

Raw Material Product Technical Data Sheet

IFRA51
Conformity Certificate

82 EU allergens

▎Formula Guide

Relieve Respiratory Discomfort

2 drops of Tea tree, 2 drops of Cypress, 3 drops of Palo Santo, 1 drop of Thyme linalool, 1 drop of Benzoin. Sniff or diffuse.

▎Precautions

• Please adjust the ratio of product according to your personal skin condition.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be used after dilution.
• Please do a local skin test before applying on the face.
• There is no safety concern when used in normal doses.

▎References

1. Espinoza LC、Sosa L、Granda PC、Bozal N、Díaz-Garrido N、Chulca-Torres B、Calpena AC。開發用於治療皮膚念珠菌病的外用兩性黴素 B 和 Burseragravolens 精油凝膠。製藥（巴塞爾）。 2021 年 10 月 12 日；14(10):1033。
2. 梅迪納-羅梅羅 YM、埃爾南德斯-埃爾南德斯 AB、羅德里格斯-蒙羅伊 MA、卡納萊斯-馬丁內斯 MM。 Bursera morelensis 和 Lippiagravolens 的精油用於開發用於採後控制的新型生物農藥。 《科學報告》2021 年 10 月 11 日；11(1):20135。
3. Villa-Ruano N, Becerra-Martínez E, Cruz-Durán R, Zarate-Reyes JA, Landeta-Cortés G, Romero-Arenas O. 光肩葉精油的揮發性分析、殺蟲、抗菌和抗增殖特性。化學生物潛水員。 2018 年 11 月；15(11)：e1800354。
4. Carrión-Paladines V 等人。 Palo Santo（Burseragravolens）精油萃取殘渣所產生的蚯蚓堆肥的農業化學特性。廢棄物管理。 2016 年 12 月；58：135-143。
   
5. Hussain A、Samad A、Singh SK、Ahsan MN、Haque MW、Faruk A、Ahmed FJ。基於奈米乳液凝膠的抗真菌藥物局部遞送：體外活性和體內評估。藥物遞送。 2016；23(2):642-47。
   
6. Monzote L、Hill GM、Cuellar A、Scull R、Setzer WN。 Burseragravolens 精油的化學成分和抗增殖特性。 Nat Prod Commun。 2012 年 11 月；7(11):1531-4。
   
7. De Jesús-Gabino AF、Mendoza-de Gives P、Salinas-Sánchez DO、López-Arellano ME、Liébano-Hernández E、Hernández-Velázquez VM、Valladares-Cisneros G. Prosopis laevata 對血矛線蟲 n 對血矛線蟲的驅蟲作用人工感染沙鼠（Meriones unguiculatus）中的捻轉。 J·赫爾明索爾。 2010 年 3 月；84(1):71-5。
   
8. Nakanishi T 等人。一種新的、已知的細胞毒性芳基四氫化萘型木脂素，來自 Burseragravolens 的莖。 Chem Pharm Bull（東京）。 2005 年 2 月；53(2)：229-31。
   
9. Clark DA 等人。動物傳播種子對加拉巴哥聖塔菲島上的傘革科（Burseraceae）再生的影響。生態學。 1981 年 5 月；49(1)：73-75。

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這篇文章 Raw Material Introduction｜Palo Santo 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Cedarwood-atlas is a giant tree species native to North Africa. It mainly grows in forests in the Atlas Mountains of North Africa and the Pyrenees of Southern Europe at an altitude of 1,370 to 2,200 meters. It is cold-resistant and requires sufficient sunlight, can grow to more than 33 meters. Cedarwood-atlas can survive for more than a thousand years and is the national tree of Morocco.

Cedarwood-atlas is a tree species with a long history. It can be found in the Bible and associated with mummification. It inherits the characteristics of its ancestor, the Lebanese cedar, and shares a similar smell and features. The wood of the Lebanese cedar was used to build the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and Solomon's Temple. Its resin was employed in ancient Egypt for incense, beauty, and antisepsis. Additionally, its wood was used in construction materials, and its essential oil was extracted as grave goods for the Pharaohs. Its aroma has persisted for thousands of years.

Cedarwood-atlas essential oil is distilled from the wood, it exudes forest scent and woody aroma, making people feel relaxed and harmonious. Entering the heart and lungs, it may improve respiratory diseases and hair growth.

▎Essential Oil Effect

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Component：Sesquiterpene ketone

The main ingredient is Atlantone, and it also contains Himachedrene and Himachedrol. It serves as a germ repellent and acts as an insecticide.

｜Research Validation

▸ Cedarwood-atlas essential oil was tested using the agar disk diffusion method and found to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus sphericus, and Staphylococcus intermedius, as well as Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It exhibits significant antibacterial effects against all tested strains.

▸ In the pathophysiology of acute postoperative pain, Cedarwood-atlas essential oil reduces postoperative pain and discomfort through neuromodulation, activating serotonin, norepinephrine, etc.

｜Raw Material Certifications

To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report

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Conformity Certificate

82 EU allergens

▎Formula Guide

Lower Limb Circulation

4 drops of Pink grapefruit, 3 drops of Juniper, 3 drops of Cedarwood-atlas, and 10 ml of Sesame oil. Combine all the ingredients and apply the mixture to the legs.

Alleviate Blood Stagnation

8 drops Cedarwood-atlas, 8 drops Cypress, 5 drops Helichrysum, 5 drops Sage, 3 drops Cinnamon leaf, 5 drops Lemon, 30ml St. John's wort infused oil for topical massage.

▎Precautions

• Please adjust the ratio of product according to your personal skin condition.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be used after dilution.
• Please do a local skin test before applying on the face.
• There is no safety concern when used in normal doses.

▎References

1. 沈莉莎、李嘉菱, 中醫芳療百科, 新北市: 出色文化, 2019.
2. B. ea Satrani, "Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles extraites par hydrodistillation fractionnée du bois de Cedrus atlantica Manetti.," Acta botanica gallica, du bois de Cedrus atlantica Manetti.," Acta botanica gallica, vol. 1, norus atlantica Manetti.," Acta botanica gallica, vol. 1, norus atlantica 0.0.
3. Martins, Daniel F., et al., "Inhalation of Cedrus atlantica essential oil alleviates pain behavior through activation of descending pain modulation pathways in a mouse model of postoperative pain.," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 30-38, 2015.
4. Fidah, Abdelwahed, et al., "Natural durability of Cedrus atlantica wood related to the bioactivity of its essential oil against wood decaying fungi.," Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, vol. 4, no. 1687, pp. 1687, vol. -576, 2016.
5. 小也江裡子, 精油芳療教科書, 台北市: 邦聯文化事業有限公司, 2019.
6. 溫佑君, 芳療實證全書, 新北市: 野人文化出版, 2015.
7. R. v. Braunschweig, 植物油全書, 台北市: 商周出版, 2009.
8. J. Hoare, 英國IFA芳香療法聖經, 新北市: 大樹林出版社, 2015.
9. EZB a. AB Derwich, "Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica.," Int. J. Agric. Biol, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 381-385, 2010 .

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這篇文章 Raw Material Introduction｜Cedarwood-atlas 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Ravintsara

Cinnamomum camphora

【Overview】

Origin | Madagascar
Plant Family | Lauraceae
Plant Odor | Mild camphoraceous aroma, fresh and clean leafy fragrance
Extraction Part | Leaves
Extraction Method | Steam Distillation

Preferred origin from the eastern rainforests of Madagascar.

Madagascar is a "brilliant gem" in the Earth's ecosystem, with a unique geographical location. The island's climate varies greatly, and the tropical rainforest climate of the east, with low latitude and high temperature all year round, provides an excellent growth environment for Ravensara leaves.

Due to the abundant sunlight, Ravensara leaves also contain a wealth of valuable essences. Because of its remarkable performance in promoting human health, it is hailed as the national tree of Madagascar, and there are many Ravensara trees over 200 years old planted both inside and outside the presidential palace.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components | Oxides

The main component is 1,8-cineole (known to have mucolytic effects), α-Terpineol, and also trace elements such as α-pinene, camphene, and limonene.

➢  Ravensara is used to treat inflammation-related symptoms due to its components such as phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids, which have shown anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.

【Component Analysis】

1. 1,8 Cineole

• Chemical Properties: With up to 62.6% of the oxide (1.8-cineole) component, Ravensara essential oil has a strong regulatory effect on the respiratory system. Its uplifting and fresh scent can boost the mood and stimulate the body's resistance to the environment.

◇ Pharmacokinetics

An in vitro experiment showed that 1,8-cineole can stimulate monocytes, thus mediating the generation of leukotriene LTA4 and prostaglandin PGE2, both of which are metabolites of arachidonic acid AA. This indicates that 1,8-cineole is suitable for treating bronchial discomfort.

• Benefits: Enhances environmental resistance, soothes cough, expectorant, analgesic, anti-rheumatic, anti-microbial.
• Uses: Commonly used in various foods and spices, as well as for antimicrobial and preservative purposes.

2. α-Terpineol

α-Terpineol (also known as lilac alcohol) has a lilac aroma and is a commonly used compound, including α-T and T-4-on, with diverse biological effects on humans, animals, and plants.

• Benefits: Regulates blood pressure, antioxidant, gastric protection, anticonvulsant, sedative, relieves bronchial inflammation, skin penetration enhancer.
• Uses: Not only popular fragrance components in perfumes, cosmetics, and household cleaning products but also used in seasoning food and beverages. They also have various important biological and medicinal properties. Additionally, α-terpineol is used in soap, pesticides, medicine, plastics, telecommunications, and instrument industries and as a solvent for coloring glassware.

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses / Features 

• Addresses respiratory issues, such as soothing cough and purifying the air.
• Balances and cares for the skin.
• Helps with excessive fatigue, muscle weakness, and muscle tension relief.
• Relieves anxiety and depression.

1. Skincare Products 

Benefits: Cleanses, inhibits microorganisms, balances oily skin, purifies the skin, and soothes inflammation.
Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, serums, lotions, skin conditioning liquids, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products 

Benefits: Inhibits microorganisms, soothes inflammation, suitable for addressing excessive fatigue, muscle weakness, and relieving muscle tension.
Examples: Shampoos, shower gels, bath accessories, soothing lotions, etc.

3. Personal Care Products 

Benefits: Soothes respiratory allergies, prevents colds, and purifies the air.
Examples: Massage oils, essential oil sprays, diffusers.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products 

Benefits: Inhibits microorganisms and cleanses.
Examples: Cleansing sprays, hand wash.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application / Usage |

• Solubility: Lipophilic (oil-soluble).
• Recommended Mixing Method:
- Add at room temperature in a gentle manner, no additional heating required, to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
- Add the oil phase to the cosmetic formulation before emulsification, and blend it in after mixing.

◇ Precautions |

• Adjust the usage proportion according to individual skin condition.
• This product is a raw material, and it is recommended to dilute it before use.
• Before using on the face, conduct a patch test on a small area of the skin.
• Please use in normal amounts as directed.

Reference｜

1. Jihai Zhou , Kun Cheng , Guomin Huang. Effects of exogenous 3-indoleacetic acid and cadmium stress on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Mar 15;191:109998.
2.Zhang GF, Huang QL, Bi XQ, Liu YL, Yuan ZS. Analysis of endophytic bacterial community diversity and metabolic correlation in Cinnamomum camphora. Arch Microbiol. 2020 Jan;202(1):181-189.
3.Chen J, Tang C, Zhang R, Ye S, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Xu X, Lan W, Yang D. Metabolomics analysis to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 May 10;253:112652.
4.Na-Jin Kang et al. Cinnamomum camphora Leaves Alleviate Allergic Skin Inflammatory Responses In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxicol Res. 2019 Jul;35(3):279-285.
5. Wenting Wang , Dongxiang Li , Xiaoqin Huang. Study on Antibacterial and Quorum-Sensing Inhibition Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Leaf Essential Oil. Molecules. 2019 Oct 21;24(20):3792.
6. Liu X, Meng Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Geng X, Li M, Li Z, Zhang D.
Functional nano-catalyzed pyrolyzates from branch of Cinnamomum camphora. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Sep;26(6):1227-1246.
7. Pan L, Lie GW, Xue L, Chen HY. Changes of Cinnamomum camphora root characteristics and soil properties under ozone stress in South China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Oct;26(30):30684-30692.
8.Effects of Cinnamomum camphora leaf litter cover on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under different water conditions]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2019 Jan 20;30(1):85-94.
9.Ma X, Hu Z, Mao J, Xu Y, Zhu X, Xiong H. Synthesis of cocoa butter substitutes from Cinnamomum camphora seed oil and fully hydrogenated palm oil by enzymatic interesterification. J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Feb;56(2):835-845.
10. Huang W, Xu M, Duan H, Bi Y, Yu H. Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum by AgNPs biosynthesised using Cinnamomum camphora fruit extract. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2019 Feb;13(1):42-45.
11. Chen C, Zheng Y, Zhong Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Xu LA, Xu M. Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis in Cinnamomum camphora. BMC Genomics. 2018 Jul 24;19(1):550.
12. Chen S, Zheng T, Ye C, Huannixi W, Yakefu Z, Meng Y, Peng X, Tian Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Yang Y, Ma Z, Zuo Z. Algicidal properties of extracts from Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main compounds. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Nov 15;163:594-603.
13. Li YR, Fu CS, Yang WJ, Wang XL, Feng D, Wang XN, Ren DM, Lou HX, Shen T. Investigation of constituents from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Jul 15;221:37-47.
14. Yang B, Liu S, Liu Y, Li X, Lin X, Liu M, Liu X. PAHs uptake and translocation in Cinnamomum camphora leaves from Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jan 1;574:358-368.
15. Caihui Chen , Yongjie Zheng. The complete chloroplast genome of Cinnamomum camphora and its comparison with related Lauraceae species. PeerJ. 2017 Sep 18;5:e3820.
16. Guo X, Cui M, Deng M, Liu X, Huang X, Zhang X, Luo L. Molecular differentiation of five Cinnamomum camphora chemotypes using desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of raw leaves. Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 20;7:46579.
17. Fu J, Zeng C, Zeng Z, Wang B, Gong D. Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Oil Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Food Sci. 2016 May;81(5):H1295-300.
18. Fu J, Zeng C, Zeng Z, Wang B, Wen X, Yu P, Gong D. Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism and Enhances beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Lipids. 2016 Jun;51(6):693-702.
19. Ravensara aromatica ou Ravintsara : une confusion qui perdure parmi les distributeurs d’huiles essentielles en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. June 2012. Phytotherapie 10(3)
20. Olivier Behra et al. Ravintsara vs ravensara a taxonomic clarification. International Journal of Aromatherapy. Volume 11, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 4-7.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Cinnamomum camphora 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Frankincense

Boswellia carterii

【Overview】

Origin | Somalia
Plant Family | Oleaceae
Plant Aroma | Sweet resinous fragrance, creating a dynamic balance that evokes the sacred woody aroma of ancient history.
Extraction Site | Resin
Extraction Method | Distillation

Preferred sourcing from the warm and dry region of Galgayo, Somalia.

Located in East Africa, Galgayo, Somalia, falls under a subtropical and tropical desert climate with high temperatures and low rainfall throughout the year. Such climatic conditions foster the resilience of the Frankincense grown in this region.

The Frankincense trees in Somalia adapt to the arid environment, exuding milky-white resin from their bark, which emits a fresh and distant aroma akin to the storytelling of a profound sage narrating the depths of history.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components | Monoterpenes

Somali Frankincense contains a substantial amount of monoterpenes, mainly α-pinene, which instantly enhances breathing and has a protective effect on mucous membranes. Another component, α-phellandrene, exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory effects. The high content of various esters can deepen and relax breathing, leading to a sense of calm and harmonious relaxation for the body, mind, and soul. Moreover, Somali Frankincense can help with promoting blood circulation, resolving blood stasis, and has relatively long-lasting effects when applied to the body.

➢ According to data provided by Bowles (2003), the main components of Frankincense include 34.5% α-pinene, 14.6% α-phellandrene, and 14% caryophyllene. All three are monoterpenes and are generally believed to have properties that promote respiratory health and alleviate pain.

【Component Analysis】

1. α-Pinene)

◇ Pharmacokinetics

Numerous studies have shown that α-pinene has anti-inflammatory effects (Gil et al., 1989) and supports respiratory health (bronchodilator) (Falk et al., 1990). Data also suggests that it has a good effect against a wide range of microorganisms (Nissen et al., 2010). Its convincing utility lies in its ability to enhance memory, prevent dementia, and function as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, among other effects.

•  Benefits: Sedative, anxiety-reducing, tension-relieving, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic (similar to camphor), skin repair, antibacterial.

• Uses: Aromatherapy, massage oil, skincare.

➢ Comparing the differences between Somali Frankincense and Indian Frankincense.

➢ Frankincense exhibits different effects depending on its origin.

➢ Frankincense products can be categorized into medicinal and non-medicinal types (the latter containing minimal amounts of boswellic acids). The main varieties of medicinal Frankincense are:
1) Boswellia carterii Birdw., distributed in Oman, Yemen, and Somalia.
2) Boswellia sacra Fluck., distributed in Somalia.
3) Boswellia papyrifera (Del) Hochst., distributed in Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, Nigeria, Uganda, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic.
4) Boswellia serrata Roxb., distributed in India. Frankincense is graded based on color, purity, age, aroma, shape, and origin.

➢ Due to its relatively high price, Frankincense may be adulterated with similar resins like copal or storax, along with starch, resulting in fake and inferior products. In a 2012 sampling of 50 Frankincense samples, 23 were found to be counterfeit, with 22 containing rosin acid and 13 containing starch. In a 2017 inspection of Frankincense sold in five different regions (Bozhou, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Shanghai, Chongqing), it was found that all samples were from Ethiopia, meeting the standards, but with varying degrees of adulteration with rosin acid. Though the content of rosin acid in rosin is less than 0.1%, it is slightly toxic and can pose long-term risks to the human body, making the examination of rosin acid in Frankincense necessary.

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses / Characteristics

• Relaxation, pain relief, calming the nervous system, emotional balance.
• Anti-inflammatory, helping with qi circulation, restoring complexion, skincare.
• Facilitating respiratory health, assisting memory enhancement.a

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing and antimicrobial, purifying the skin, suitable for inflammation relief, regulating free radicals, and skin aging.
Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, serums, lotions, skin tonics, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, reducing inflammation on sensitive skin, regulating free radicals, and skin aging.
Examples: Shampoos, body washes, etc.

3. Personal Care Products

Benefits: Alleviating inflammation, calming the nervous system, emotional balance, pain relief, anti-depression, providing peace and comfort.
Examples: Massage oils, essential oil sprays, diffusers.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products 

Benefits: Inhibiting microbes, cleaning.
Examples: Cleansing sprays, hand soaps, perfume compounds.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application / Usage 

• Solubility: Lipophilic
• Method of Mixing:
- Add at room temperature, no need for additional heating to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
- Add the oil phase to the cosmetics for dissolution before emulsification.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material, it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using on the face.
• Please use in normal dosages.

Reference｜

1. Kazemian A, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of mixture of Boswellia carterii, Zingiber officinale, and Achillea millefolium on severity of symptoms, anxiety, and depression in irritable bowel syndrome patients. J Res Med Sci. 2017; 22: 120.

2. Yang, H.; Woo, J.; Pae, A.-N.; Um, M.-Y.; Cho, N.-C.; , J.; Lee, C.-J.; Cho, S. (2016). "α-Pinene, a major constituent of pine tree oils, enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice through GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors". Molecular Pharmacology. 90 (5): 530–539.

3. Mahmoudvand, H.; Sheibani, V.; Keshavarz, H.; Shojaee, S.; Esmaeelpour, K.; Ziaali, N. (2016). Journal of Parasitology. 11 (2): 177–185

4. Mohamed, A. A., Ali, S. I., Kabiel, H. F., Hegazy, A. K., Kord, M. A., & EL-Baz, F. K. (2015). Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Extracts of Boswellia carteri Resin. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7, 502-509.

5. Potentiating Antidepressant Action of Boswellia Serrata in Acute Models of Depression: A Preclinical Study. January 2013

6. Rafie Hamidpour, Frankincense (Frankincense Rǔ Xiāng; Boswellia Species): From the Selection of Traditional Applications to the Novel Phytotherapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Serious Diseases J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Oct-Dec; 3(4): 221– 226.

7. Prabhakar Adake 1*, Chandrashekar R 2 , S.N. Rao 3 .Preclinical evaluation of antidepressant activity of Boswellia serrata by Tail Suspension Test. Journal No: 7725 Vol. 2 No. 5 2013.

8. Russo, E. B. (2011). "Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects". British Journal of Pharmacology. 163 (7): 1344–1364.

9. M. Z. Siddiqui. Boswellia Serrata, A Potential Antiinflammatory Agent: An Overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011 May-Jun; 73(3): 255–261.

10. Nissen, L.; Zatta, A.; Stefanini, I.; Grandi, S.; Sgorbati, B.; Biavati, B.; et al. (2010). varieties (Cannabis sativa L.)". Fitoterapia. 81 (5): 413–419.

11. Krishanu Sengupta et al. Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of 5-Loxin® and Aflapin® Against Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Study. Int J Med Sci. 2010; 7(6): 366– 377.

12. Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med. 2006 Oct;72(12):1100-16.

13. Kimmatkar N et al. Efficacy and tolerance of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2003 Jan;10(1):3-7.

14. Pungle P, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of boswellic acids of Boswellia serrata Roxb. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003 Dec;41(12):1460-2.

15. Gerhardt H. et al. Therapy of active Crohn disease with Boswellia eseratta extract. Z Gastroenterol. 2001; 39: 11-17.

16. Gupta I. et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with ulcerative colitis. Eur J Med Res 1997 Jan; 2(1): 37-43.

17. Gupta I. et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998 Nov 17;3(11): 511-4.

18. Study on the origin of frankincense (Ⅱ). Characters, microscope, TLC and HPLC identification techniques to analyze three kinds of frankincense. Wang Zhao, Sun Lei, Kang Shuai, etc. Chinese Materia Medica 2014, 37(6): 981-984. 19. Commodity survey and quality testing method research of frankincense. Zhong Mingcheng, Rao Weiwen, Xiao Cong. Chinese Modern Applied Pharmacy 2012, 26(5): 409-414. 20. Quality evaluation of frankincense commercially available in 5 different regions and inspection of rosin which is easily adulterated. Zhai Xin, Pang Kejian, Tang Hui, etc. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao 2017, 28(8): 1866-1869.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Boswellia carterii 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Bergamot

Citrus bergamia

【Overview】

Origin | Preferred source from the southern region of Italy, Calabria.
Botanical Family | Rutaceae
Aromatic Profile | Possesses a blend of citrus and clean fruity fragrance
Extraction Point | Peel of the fruit
Extraction Method | Expression method (Cold-pressing)

The preferred source comes from the Calabria region in southern Italy.

Calabria, Italy, is known as the birthplace of ancient Mediterranean civilizations and is often referred to as the "toe" of Italy. The region enjoys abundant sunlight and excellent air quality, and the fertile volcanic ash soil nurtures citrus plants, resulting in sweet, juicy, and high-quality fruits.

The Bergamot tree yields fruit from late November to mid-February. During this period, Calabrians harvest the ripe and aromatic bergamot fruits, ensuring that the obtained bergamot essential oil possesses exceptional purity and abundant superior plant compounds.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Components

Its components include linalyl acetate, limonene, linalool, as well as other compounds such as pinene, ß-phellandrene, and γ-terpene. Additionally, it contains trace amounts of non-volatile components with phototoxicity, such as bergamot furanocoumarin (FCF). The composition may vary depending on the origin. There are also bergamot essential oils available without furanocoumarins (FCF).

Citrus oils are primarily composed of active monoterpenes. However, bergamot's main components, linalyl acetate and linalool, are also representative compounds of "true lavender." As a result, bergamot exhibits remarkable calming and soothing effects.

➢ Aromatherapy using bergamot essential oil can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety, mild mood disorders, and cancer-related pain caused by stress.

➢ Research on the efficacy and mildness of inhaling bergamot essential oil for mental health indicates that bergamot aromatherapy can serve as an adjunctive therapy for maintaining personal psychological well-being.

【Component Analysis】

1. Linalyl acetate

◇ Pharmacokinetics

Bergamot essential oil is, in fact, a relaxant that promotes the secretion and regulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, producing a calming and relaxing sensation, reducing nervousness, anxiety, and stress.

• Benefits: Soothing emotions, reducing anxiety, relaxing tension, antispasmodic, aiding sleep, relieving stress.

2. Linalool

• Benefits: Calming nerves, reducing anxiety, aiding sleep, relaxing tension, soothing inflammation, overall antimicrobial effect (especially in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems).
• Uses: Perfumery, used as a raw material for synthesizing vitamins E and K.

【Market Applications】

As early as the 16th century, Italy established its bergamot essential oil industry. To this day, there is still no consensus on the botanical origin of bergamot in biology, as well as whether the economically valuable subspecies is a variant or a hybrid. Although bergamot fruit is inedible, its oil has diverse applications. It is not only used in perfumery but also as a flavoring agent for Earl Grey tea, tobacco, and various food items.

◇ Uses / Features

Regulating the autonomic nervous system, calming and soothing, invigorating the spirit.

• Antimicrobial.

• Balancing sebum secretion, alleviating inflammation.

• Maintaining a healthy metabolic rate, aiding digestion.

• Blending fragrances and spices.

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing and antimicrobial properties, purifying the skin, soothing and calming, regulating oil and skin discomfort, counteracting free radicals and skin aging, and smoothing scars.
Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, serums, lotions, skin conditioners, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, reducing inflammation in sensitive skin, counteracting free radicals and skin aging.
Examples: Shampoos, shower gels, etc.

3. Personal Care Products

Benefits: Enhancing physiological functions, alleviating inflammation, helping to soothe phlegm in the nasal or chest area, calming the nervous system, stabilizing and balancing emotions, anti-depression, promoting peace and relaxation.
Examples: Massage oils, essential oil sprays, diffusers.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, purifying, and removing odors.
Examples: Purifying sprays, hand soaps, perfume compounds.

5. Food Industry｜

Often used as a flavoring agent and spice.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage

• Solubility: Lipophilic (Oil-soluble).
• Mixing Method:
- Add at room temperature, no additional heating required to avoid prolonged high temperatures.
- Add the oil phase to the cosmetic formulation for dissolution before emulsification.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material, and it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Before applying to the face, perform a patch test on a small area of the skin.
• Please use in normal doses.

Reference｜

1.Straface M, Makwana R, Palmer A, Rombolà L, Aleong JC, Morrone LA, Sanger GJ. Inhibition of Neuromuscular Contractions of Human and Rat Colon by Bergamot Essential Oil and Linalool: Evidence to Support a Therapeutic Action. Nutrients. 2020 May 12;12(5):1381.
2.Rombolà L, Scuteri D, Adornetto A, Straface M, Sakurada T, Sakurada S, Mizoguchi H, Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Tonin P, Morrone LA. Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Bergamot Essential Oil Are Insensitive to Flumazenil in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Aug 14;2019:2156873.
3.Bergamot ( Citrus bergamia ) Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Positive Feelings in the Waiting Room of a Mental Health Treatment Center: A Pilot Study: Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Positive Feelings. March 2017 Phytotherapy Research 31(Suppl)
4.Rational Basis for the Use of Bergamot Essential Oil in Complementary Medicine to Treat Chronic Pain. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 16, Number 9, 2016, pp. 721-728(8).
5.Eri Watanabe et al.Effects of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States, Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in 41 Healthy Females. Forsch Komplementmed 2015;22:43– 49.
6.A.MarinoaI.Paternitia. et al. Role of natural antioxidants and potential use of bergamot in treating rheumatoid arthritis. PharmaNutrition.Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015, Pages 53-59.
7.LauraSánchez-González et al. Study of the release of limonene present in chitosan films enriched with bergamot oil in food simulants. Journal of Food Engineering.Volume 105, Issue 1, July 2011, Pages 138-143.
8.LauraSánchez-González et al. Effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan coatings with and without bergamot essential oil on quality and safety of cold-stored grapes. Postharvest Biology and Technology.Volume 60, Issue 1, April 2011, Pages 57-63.
9.Bagetta G, Morrone LA, Rombolà L, et al. 2010. Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot. Fitoterapia 81: 453–461.
10.Rombolà L, Corasaniti MT, Rotiroti D, Tassorelli C, Sakurada S, Bagetta G, Morrone LA.Effects of systemic administration of the essential oil of bergamot (BEO) on gross behaviour and EEG power spectra recorded from the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Funct Neurol. 2009 Apr-Jun;24(2):107-12.
11.Genetic variability to essential oil composition in four citrus fruit species. June 2006 Pakistan Journal of Botany 38(2).

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Bergamot 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Jasmine sambac

Jasminum sambac

【Overview】

Origin | India
Botanical Family | Oleaceae
Plant Aroma | Original essential oil with a rich and delicate fragrance.
Extraction Part | Flowers
Extraction Method | Solvent extraction

Sacred Bak Jasmine essential oil is produced in India's humid and fertile, slightly acidic sandy soil. It belongs to the tropical monsoon climate with high temperatures throughout the year, and acidic soil predominates. Sacred Bak Jasmine prefers slightly acidic sandy soil, is not cold-resistant, and can tolerate full or partial sunlight. The flowering period is around June to September. During the mid-flowering stage when the flower buds are about to open into a "tiger claw" shape, it is harvested at around three or four in the afternoon when the fragrance is more intense, and the oil yield is higher. It is a common variety in India and is also known as the "Moonlight in the Forest."

There are many varieties of jasmine, so special attention is needed when choosing jasmine essential oil. Commonly found in essential oils are Moroccan Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum), Star Jasmine (Jasminum auriculatum), and Arabian Jasmine (Jasminum sambac). The original essence is obtained through solvent extraction.

Arabian Jasmine has a clear and distant fragrance, can "resist consumption," and has a bright tone, providing a continuous source of vitality.

【Main Benefits】

The indole component in Sacred Bak Jasmine essential oil helps enhance charm, Cis-Jasmone regulates oil secretion, bringing a sense of ease and tranquility. α-Phyllocladene is the source of a special sweet and clear fragrance, which can be detected at the beginning of the blooming, but this structure is easily destroyed by light and heat, hence the reason for harvesting it in the early morning to avoid the sun damaging the flower's fragrance.

➢ Its components include α-Phyllocladene, Indole (with a content of up to 14%), D-Cembrene, Methyl Anthranilate (5%), Methyl Benzoate (4-5%), Phenethyl Alcohol (2-3%), Jasminelactone, and other components.

【Component Analysis】

1. Indole

• Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with C8H7N. It has a double-ring structure composed of a five-membered pyrrole ring and a six-membered benzene ring. Indole is widely distributed in the natural environment and can be produced by various bacteria as an intercellular signaling molecule.

• Benefits: It regulates various aspects of bacterial physiology (such as spore formation, plasmid stability, drug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence).

Indole derivatives play important cellular functions, including neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin).

• Uses: Indole and its derivatives are used in medical applications such as anti-tuberculosis, anti-malarial, metabolic regulation, anticonvulsant, blood pressure regulation, and anti-MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).

2. Cis-Jasmone

• Also known as Jasmine Ketone, it has a high content in Arabian Jasmine flowers. Cis-Jasmone has two isomers: cis and trans. Only the cis isomer exists in nature, while the trans isomer can only be synthesized artificially. Cis-Jasmone is a gentle component that adds a luxurious feeling and enhances charm. It can also regulate oil secretion, providing a sense of relaxation.

• Benefits: Calming, reduces muscle spasms, anti-anxiety, anti-depression; regulates oil secretion.

• Uses: Perfume raw material.

➢ Jasmine flower extract's chemical components have a vasodilatory effect.

➢ Comparison of Jasmines

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses/Characteristics

• Regulates physiological functions, soothes nerves, boosts confidence
• Antimicrobial, maintains moisture, relieves sensitive and delicate skin
• Regulates skin aging, smoothens wrinkles
• Smoothes stretch marks and marks caused by pregnancy, increases skin elasticity
• Blends fragrance and spices

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Maintains moisture, soothes, enhances skin elasticity, regulates dry and sensitive skin, regulates skin aging, smoothens wrinkles.

Examples: Facial soap, cleansing mousse, toner, serum, emulsion, skin conditioner, moisturizer, eye cream, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, relieves inflammation of sensitive skin, regulates skin aging, fights stretch marks and marks caused by pregnancy, increases skin elasticity.

Examples: Shampoo, shower gel, bath salts, hand cream, skincare products, stretch mark cream, etc.

3. Daily Necessities

Benefits: Regulates physiological functions, soothes nerves, boosts confidence, optimism, and joy, can help with smooth childbirth, relieves pain, alleviates postpartum depression, aids in milk secretion, regulates male disorders.

Examples: Massage oil, essential oil spray, diffusers.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, purifies, removes odors.

Examples: Purifying spray, hand wash, perfume blends.

5. Food Industry

Also commonly used as flavoring agents and spices.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Applications/Usage

• Solubility: Lipophilic (soluble in fats and oils)
• Recommended mixing method:
- Add at room temperature, no need for additional heating to avoid prolonged high temperatures.
- Add to the oil phase before emulsification when formulating cosmetics, and mix well before emulsification.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material, it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Before using on the face, please do a patch test on a small area of skin.
• Please use in normal doses.

Reference｜

1.Lee, Jin-Hyung; Lee, Jintae (2010). "Indoleas an intercellular signal in microbial communities". FEMSMicrobiology Reviews. 34 (4): 426–44.
2.Baeyer, A.; Emmerling, A.(1869). "Synthese des Indols" [Synthesis ofindole]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 2: 679–682.
3.Wikoff WR, Anfora AT, Liu J,Schultz PG, Lesley SA, Peters EC, Siuzdak G (March 2009). "Metabolomics analysisreveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites". Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (10): 3698–3703.
4.Ali Esmail Al-Snafi(2018). "Pharmacological and Therapeutic Effects of Jasminumsambac - A Review". Indo Am. J. P. Sci. 05 (3).
5.Santhanam, Jacinta; Ghani, Farhana Nadiah Abd; Basri, Dayang Fredalina (2014). "Antifungal Activity of Jasminum sambac against Malassezia sp. and Non-Malassezia sp. Isolated from Human Skin Samples". Journal of Mycology. 2014: 1–7.
6.Braun NA, Kohlenberg B, Sim S, Meier M, Hammerschmidt FJ. Jasminum flexile flower absolute from India--a detailed comparison with three other jasmine absolutes. Nat Prod Commun. 2009 Sep;4(9):1239-50.
7. Phanukit Kunhachan et al. Chemical Composition, Toxicity and Vasodilatation Effect of the Flowers Extract of Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. “G. Duke of Tuscany”. March 2012.Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative. Medicine 2012(4):471312
8. Kanlayavattanakul M, Kitsiripaisarn S, Lourith N. Aroma profiles and preferences of Jasminum sambac L. flowers grown in Thailand. J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Nov-Dec;64(6):483-93.
9. Braun NA, Sim S.Jasminum sambac flower absolutes from India and China--geographic variations. Nat Prod Commun. 2012 May;7(5):645-50.

這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Jasmine sambac 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Rosemary
Rosmarinus officinalis (CT 1.8 Cineole)

【Overview】

Origin | Morocco
Botanical Family | Lamiaceae
Aroma | Fresh and sweet floral scent.
Extraction Part | Whole plant
Extraction Method | Steam distillation

1.8 cineole Rosemary, originating from the region of Morocco, exhibits remarkable vitality due to the harsh climate, dryness, high temperatures, and intense sunlight in the area. Rosemary thrives in sandy, infertile, and arid soils, making it well-suited for the challenging local environment.

Its composition consists of approximately 50% cineole, around 10% camphor, which contributes to the distinctive aroma of cineole Rosemary. Thanks to the proportion of 1,8 cineole, it is considered one of the typical and useful essential oils for respiratory symptoms. It has a beneficial effect on soothing coughs, expectorating mucus, and relieving respiratory discomfort. Camphor has a positive impact on heart function regulation and cardiovascular health. Furthermore, the diverse components of cineole Rosemary provide it with the ability to promote moisture movement, spleen nourishment, and humidity reduction.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Oxides

The main component is 1,8-cineole (known for its mucus-expectorant properties), along with α-pinene, ß-pinene, and other trace components such as camphor, borneol, and santalol.

【Ingredient Analysis】

1. 1,8 Cineole

With a high content of up to 50% oxide (1,8-cineole), cineole Rosemary essential oil demonstrates noticeable respiratory system regulation and stimulates the body's defense mechanisms.

• Pharmacokinetics: Studies have shown that 1,8-cineole inhibits the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid and cytokine production in human monocytes. By controlling mediators of inflammation, it helps regulate the inflammatory response.

• Benefits: It regulates respiratory discomfort, boosts resistance, alleviates coughs, expectorates mucus, relieves pain, and soothes inflammation.

• Uses: It is commonly used in medicinal soaps, sprays, cosmetic fragrances, and other hygiene products such as toothpaste. It is also employed in industrial products to mask unpleasant odors and can be used as an insecticide and repellent.

2. Camphor

• Benefits: Camphor, a naturally occurring compound, is commonly used as the main ingredient in topical analgesics and can regulate heart function.
• Uses: Camphor is found in nature and can also be synthetic. It is used as a plasticizer, insect repellent, varnish, preservative, cosmetic ingredient, antimicrobial agent, fragrance enhancer in industrial products, and household items such as nail polish, floor wax, and adhesives.

➢ Rosemary Comparisons

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses/Characteristics

• Respiratory system treatment: Cough, excessive phlegm, respiratory discomfort, air purification.
• Regulation of weak heart and low blood pressure.
• Assisting in regulating excessive fatigue, excessive mental strain, and nervous exhaustion.
• Liver purification and gallbladder function promotion.

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing, antimicrobial, skin regulation, and purification, inflammation soothing.

Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing foam, toner, essence, lotion, skin-regulating liquid, cream, eye cream, etc.

2. Body Car Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, suitable for regulating excessive fatigue, promoting body fluid circulation.

Examples: Shampoo, body wash, bath accessories, soothing lotion, anti-itch.

3. Daily Necessities

Benefits: Soothing respiratory sensitivity, preventing respiratory discomfort, air purification, perfumes, etc
Examples: Massage oil, essential oil spray, diffuser, fragrance products, toothpaste, throat lozenges, etc.

4. Enviromental Cleaning Products

4. Benefits: Inhibition of microorganisms, purification, odor control, preservation. Examples: Purification spray, antimicrobial hand wash, insecticides, and repellents.

➢ Research has shown that cineole can help repel insects.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage:

• Solubility: Lipophilic (Oil-soluble)
• Method of Mixing:
- Add at room temperature in the formulation; no additional heating is required to avoid prolonged high temperature exposure.
- Incorporate the oil phase into the emulsion before emulsification.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage proportion according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be diluted before use.
• Perform a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.
• Please use in normal dosage.

Reference｜

1.Nogueira de Melo GA, Grespan R, Fonseca JP, Farinha TO, Silva EL, Romero AL, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RK. Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil inhibits in vivo and in vitro leukocyte migration.J Med Food. 2011 Sep;14(9):944-6.

2.da Silva Bomfim N, Kohiyama CY, Nakasugi LP, Nerilo SB, Mossini SAG, Romoli JCZ, Graton Mikcha JM, Abreu Filho BA, Machinski M Jr. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against Aspergillus flavus.Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2020 Jan;37(1):153-161.

3.Borges RS, Ortiz BLS, Pereira ACM, Keita H, Carvalho JCT.Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: A review of its phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory activity, and mechanisms of action involved. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jan 30;229:29-45.

.Neves JA, Neves JA, Oliveira RCM. Pharmacological and biotechnological advances with Rosmarinus officinalis L. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2018 May;28(5):399-413.

5.Kenichi Tomi et al. Enantioselective GC–MS analysis of volatile components from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils and hydrosols. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry .Volume 80, 2016 - Issue 5

6.Natalia da Silva Bomfim et al. Antifungal Activity and Inhibition of Fumonisin Production by Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Essential Oil in Fusarium Verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg. Food Chem 2015 Jan 1;166:330-6.

7.Aleksandar Rašković et al. Analgesic effects of rosemary essential oil and its interactions with codeine and paracetamol in mice.BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14(1):225 · July 2014

8.Sfara, V.; Zerba, E. N.; Alzogaray, R. A. Fumigant Insecticidal Activity and Repellent Effect of Five Essential Oils and Seven Monoterpenes on First-Instar Nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus. Journal of Medical Entomology. May 2009, 46 (3): 511–515.

9.U R Juergens , U Dethlefsen, G Steinkamp, A Gillissen, R Repges, H Vetter. Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med. 2003 Mar;97(3):250-6.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Rosemary 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Neroli

Citrusaurantium var. amara

【Overview】

Origin | Egypt, near the Mediterranean region Plant Family | Rutaceae Plant Odor | A sweet, elegant, and rich woody aroma with a mild intensity and low-key tone, accompanied by a woody bitterness. Extraction Part | Flowers Extraction Method | Distillation

The environment near the Mediterranean region of Egypt is characterized by unique soil formed by volcanic eruptions, rich in minerals, which is suitable for plant growth. Ample sunlight enhances the quality of the flowers and highlights their efficacy. The Mediterranean region is often characterized by gravelly soil with high alkalinity, giving the orange blossoms a slight bitterness but with a more balanced effect.

The orange tree, from which the essential oil can be extracted, is primarily divided into Bitter Orange and Sweet Orange. The essential oil produced from the Bitter Orange tree, whether from the fruit, leaves, or flowers, is of higher grade and more effective. The essential oil from Bitter Orange flowers, with a hint of bitterness and spiciness, is an excellent choice for perfumes.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Monoterpenols, Monoterpenes, Esters

Neroli essential oil, obtained through distillation, consists mainly of monoterpenols, monoterpenes, and esters. The primary components include linalool (also known as bois de rose alcohol), limonene, and linalyl acetate. Other components include β-caryophyllene, α-terpineol, β-pinene, geranyl acetate, and others, such as nerolidol, nerol, farnesol, neryl acetate, and indole.

➢ Due to its GABA system, Neroli has anticonvulsant properties and can help control epileptic seizures.

The main components of Neroli are linalool (28.5%), linalyl acetate (19.6%), nerolidol (9.1%), E,E-farnesol (9.1%), α-terpineol (4.9%), and limonene (4.6%). These components support the use of Neroli essential oil in controlling seizures and provide a biological aid in anticonvulsant activity.

【Component Analysis】

1. (R)(-)-Linalool 

• Benefits: Antimicrobial, healing for acne, sleep and relaxation aid, anti-anxiety and stress relief, insect repellent, odor remover.

2. Linalyl Acetate (also known as Ethyl Linalool Acetate)

• Benefits: Physiological and psychological regulation, promoting relaxation and soothing effects, restoring physical and mental balance.

• Uses: Neroli essential oil, derived from the flowers of bitter orange trees, is a key ingredient used in perfumes, cosmetics, and cleaning products. It plays a significant role in creating fragrances such as lemon, orange leaf, lavender, and various floral scents like jasmine and orange blossom. Neroli serves as a base ingredient for sweet and fresh floral scents, such as ylang-ylang, to enhance their aromatic profile. In addition to its use in personal care products, Neroli essential oil is also utilized in food flavorings, particularly in pineapple, citrus, and peach-flavored edible essences for products like chewing gum, candies, baked goods, and beverages.

3. Nerolidol

• Benefits: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and soothing effects, skin penetration enhancer.

➢ Nerolidol is a major component in many plants, and it exhibits various properties, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-biofilm, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, skin penetration enhancement, and insecticidal.

➢ Essential Oil and Original Extract

【Market Application】

◇ Usage/Characteristics

• Balancing the skin and promoting skin recovery
• Soothing skin discomfort
• Relaxing nerves and combating anxiety
• Antimicrobial, purifying, odor-removing, insect-repelling

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing and antimicrobial effects, balancing the skin, promoting skin recovery (enhancing keratinocyte differentiation), increasing skin elasticity, enhancing skin penetration, soothing inflammation.

Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, essences, emulsions, skin-regulating fluids, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, soothing inflammation, alleviating blood vessel constriction (relieving hot flashes during menopause), suitable for sensitive and delicate skin to alleviate discomfort; for the scalp, it helps regulate hair shine, elasticity, and balance sebum secretion.

Examples: Shampoos, body washes, bath products, soothing lotions, after-sun care creams.

3. Daily Necessities Products

Benefits: Provides calming, relaxation, and anxiety-reducing effects, making it suitable for baby skincare products, skincare items, and perfumes.

Examples: Massage oils, essential oil sprays, diffusers, fragranced products, etc.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, purifying, odor-removing, insect-repelling.

Examples: Purifying sprays, antimicrobial hand washes, insecticides, and repellents.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage

• Solubility: Lipophilic (oil-soluble)
• Mixing Method
- Add at room temperature without additional heating to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
- Add the essential oil to the oil phase before emulsification and mix thoroughly.

◇ Precautions

• Adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material, and it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Conduct a patch test on a small area of skin before applying to the face.
• Please use the product in the recommended dosage.

Reference｜

1.Bora H, Kamle M, Mahato DK, Tiwari P, Kumar P.Citrus EssentialOils (CEOs) and Their Applications in Food: An Overview. Plants (Basel). 2020Mar 11;9(3):357.
2.da Fonsêca DV, da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho C, LimaTC, de Almeida RN, de Sousa DP. AnticonvulsantEssential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy.Biomolecules. 2019 Dec 6;9(12):835.
3.Salehi B, Armstrong L, Rescigno A, Yeskaliyeva B,Seitimova G, Beyatli A, Sharmeen J, Mahomoodally MF, Sharopov F, Durazzo A,Lucarini M, Santini A, Abenavoli L, Capasso R, Sharifi-Rad J. Lamium Plants-AComprehensive Review on Health Benefits and Biological Activities.Molecules. 2019 May 17;24(10):1913.
4.Dosoky NS, Setzer WN.Int J Mol Biological Activities and Safety of Citrus spp. Essential Oils.Sci. 2018 Jul 5;19(7):1966.
5.Mirzaei-Najafgholi H, Tarighi S, Golmohammadi M,Taheri P. The Effect of Citrus EssentialOils and Their Constituents on Growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.Molecules. 2017 Apr 14;22(4):591.
6.Anticonvulsant activity of Citrus aurantiumblossom essential oil (neroli): involvment of the GABAergic system. Nat ProdCommun. 2014 Nov;9(11):1615-8.
7.Khodabakhsh P, Shafaroodi H, Asgarpanah J. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activitiesof Citrus aurantium L. blossoms essential oil (neroli): involvement of thenitric oxide/cyclic-guanosine monophosphate pathway. J Nat Med. 2015Jul;69(3):324-31.
8.“Structural characterization and antioxidantactivities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L,” International Journalof Biological Macromolecules, vol. 67, pp. 112–123, 2014.
9.Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobialand antioxidant activities of Citrus aurantium l. flowers essential oil (Nerolioil). Pak J Biol Sci. 2012 Nov 1;15(21):1034-40.
10.Phenolic compounds characterization and biologicalactivities of Citrus aurantium bloom,” Molecules, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1203–1218,2012.
11.Evidence of the sedative effect of neroli oil,citronellal and phenylethyl acetate on mice. Journal of Essential Oil Research,4(4), 387-394.
12.Inhalation of Neroli Essential Oil and ItsAnxiolytic Effects.” Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 5 (1)
13.Nogueira de Melo GA, Grespan R,Fonseca JP, Farinha TO, Silva EL, Romero AL, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RK. Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil inhibits in vivo and in vitroleukocyte migration.J Med Food. 2011Sep;14(9):944-6.

｜Some images sourced from the internet. Contact for copyright removal.｜

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Neroli 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Rosewood

Aniba rosaeodora

【Overview】

Origin｜India
Botanical Family｜Lauraceae
Plant Odor｜Warm woody scent with a hint of spiciness and a subtle rose fragrance.
Extraction Part｜Wood
Extraction Method｜Steam Distillation

Highly preferred from the Brazilian rainforest and the Mysore region in India, the Amazon rainforest is known as the "Lungs of the Earth" and the "Heart of the World." The average temperature in the region ranges from 25 to 28°C, with an annual rainfall of up to 2000 mm. Rosewood trees are native to this region, producing rosewood rich in Linalool, which possesses a delicate and pleasant aroma. Unlike regions with temperature variations, tropical areas like the Amazon rainforest lack annual rings in their plants, and rosewood is one of them, continuously growing into tall trees. It is also commonly used as furniture material, leading to excessive logging of wild rosewood, putting the species at risk. In 1932, the Brazilian government enacted conservation laws that prohibited cutting down plants under 15 years old, making Brazilian rosewood essential oil highly precious.

Due to its similar climate and geographical conditions to the Brazilian rainforest, the Mysore region in India has become an excellent alternative production area for rosewood. Mysore has an annual rainfall of about 600-2000 mm and an average annual temperature between 10 to 35°C. The rosewood produced here also contains abundant Linalool, possessing excellent mild nourishing effects.

Today, rosewood essential oil comes mainly from planned cultivation in Brazil, causing less environmental impact. Rosewood has a rose-red heartwood and a resilient woody aroma with an elegant and pleasant floral fragrance. In English, it is also known as "Rosewood."

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Monoterpenols

btained through distillation, the main components include Linalool (comprising over 80%), α-Terpineol, Linalyl Acetate (also known as Acetic Acid Linalyl Ester), and other trace elements.
➢ Research suggests that rosewood can be used alone or in combination with traditional antimicrobial growth agents in pharmaceutical formulations or to prevent food spoilage and control drug-resistant bacterial strains.

【Component Analysis】

1. (R)(-)-Linalool

• Effects: Antimicrobial, healing for acne, aids sleep and relaxation, anti-anxiety and stress relief, insect repellent, and removes odors.

➢ Linalool has a relaxing effect on the nervous system.

2. α-Terpineol，也稱松油醇)

(R)-(+)-α-松油醇

(S)-(−)-α-松油醇

α-Terpineol is a colorless, transparent, viscous liquid or low-melting point transparent crystal with a clove-like aroma.
The aroma of Terpineol varies greatly depending on the different isomeric components and their content. For example, (R)-(+)-α-Terpineol has a strong lilac aroma, but its isomer (S)-(-)-α-Terpineol has a pine aroma.
• Effects: α-Terpineol can be obtained from Nerol or Citronellol through cyclization in an acidic solution and has a lilac aroma. Its derivatives, Linalyl Acetate and Linalyl Propionate, are used in fragrance preparation. Additionally, Terpineol is also used in soap, pesticides, medicine, plastics, telecommunications, and instrument industries, as well as a solvent for coloring glassware.

3. Linalyl acetate(also known as Acetic Acid Linalyl Ester)

• Effects: It has regulatory effects on physiology and psychology, regulating the autonomic nervous system.

• Uses: Used in edible flavorings, perfumes, cosmetics, cleaning products, and other fragrances.

【Market Applications】

◇｜Uses / Features｜

• Balances skin, helps in skin tissue health.

• Soothes inflammation and skin itchiness.

• Aids in relaxation, relieves nerves, and has anti-anxiety properties.

• Inhibits microorganisms, purifies, and acts as a preservative.

1. Skincare Products 

Effects: Cleansing, inhibiting microorganisms, regulating skin quality, promoting skin growth (enhancing keratinocyte differentiation), enhancing cell tissues, increasing skin elasticity, moderately firming and reducing wrinkles, regulating and purifying the skin, soothing inflammation, and alleviating itching.

Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, essences, lotions, skin balancers, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Effects: Inhibiting microorganisms, soothing inflammation, and alleviating skin discomfort; for the scalp, it helps in antimicrobial activity and regulates sebum secretion.

Examples: Shampoos, body washes, bath accessories, soothing lotions, after-sun soothing balms.

3. Daily Necessities Products

Effects: Soothing, helping with low mood and fatigue, restoring energy, relaxing nerves, and anti-anxiety properties. Suitable for relaxing and stress-relieving products, skincare products, perfumes, and related items.

Examples: Massage oils, essential oil sprays, diffusers, fragrant products.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products

Effects: Inhibiting microorganisms, purifying, and acting as a preservative.Examples: Purifying sprays, hand wash, preservatives.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application / Usage

•Solubility: Lipophilic (soluble in fats).

• Mixing Method: Add at room temperature, no need for additional heating to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Add the oil phase to the cosmetics before emulsification, and mix after participating in the emulsification process.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material, and it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Before using on the face, please conduct a patch test on a local skin area.
• Please use in normal dosage.

Reference｜

1.Bora H, Kamle M, Mahato DK, Tiwari P, Kumar P.Citrus Essential Oils (CEOs) and Their Applications in Food: An Overview. Plants (Basel). 2020 Mar 11;9(3):357.

2.Lucia de Fatima S. Sampaio, José Guilherme S. Maia, Amanda M. de Parijós, Rita Z. de Souza, Lauro Euclides S. Barata. Linalool from Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) Oil Inhibits Adenylate Cyclase in the Retina, Contributing to Understanding its Biological Activity. Phytotherapy Research,2011,Volume 26, Issue 1 p. 73-77.

3.Pedro MedradoKrainovic, Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior. Changes in rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) essential oil in response to management of commercial plantations in Central Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 429, 1 December 2018, Pages 143-157.

4.Anesthesia of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) with the essential oils of Aniba rosaeodora and Aniba parviflora and their major compound, linalool. Neotrop. ichthyol. vol.16 no.1 Maringá 2018, Epub Mar 26, 2018.

5.Renah B.Q.Pimentel et al. Variability and antifungal activity of volatile compounds from Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, harvested from Central Amazonia in two different seasons. Industrial Crops and Products. Volume 123, 1 November 2018, Pages 1-9.

6.VolkanKizak et al. Evaluation of anesthetic potential of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) oil as a new anesthetic agent for goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture. Volume 493, 1 August 2018, Pages 296-301

7.Rafael C. Angrizani, Luis A. S. Contim, Maristerra R. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the endangered Amazonian tree Aniba rosaeodora (Lauraceae). Applications in Plant Sciences, 2013,Volume 1, Issue 9.

8.Carlos H.V. Fidelis ,Fabio Augusto,Paulo T.B. Sampaio, Pedro M. Krainovic &Lauro E.S. Barata. Chemical characterization of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) leaf essential oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Essential Oil Research, Volume 24, 2012 - Issue 3 Pages 245-251

9.Jérémie Sœur et al. Selective cytotoxicity of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil towards epidermoid cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis Volume 718, Issues 1–2, 11 January 2011, Pages 24-32.

10. H. Surburg und J. Panten: Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials: preparation, properties, and uses. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2006

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Rosewood 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Yarrow
Achillea millefolium

【Overview】

Origin: Hungary
Botanical Family: Asteraceae
Botanical Scent: Typically has a medicinal aroma with camphor notes, but the scent can vary due to different chemical compositions.
Extraction Part: Whole plant
Extraction Method: Steam distillation

Yarrow essential oil originates from Pécs, one of the ancient cities in Hungary, situated between the Danube and Drava rivers. The climate in this region is pleasant, with relatively long hours of sunshine throughout the year, falling under a continental temperate deciduous forest climate. Yarrow is highly cold-resistant and grows in grassy slopes, favoring environments with abundant sunlight and well-draining soil.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones, oxides

Yarrow (Achilea millefolium) essential oil is obtained through steam distillation, and its composition includes monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones, and oxides. The primary constituents are chamazulene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha- and beta-pinene, sabinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate, camphor, borneol, and more. This combination of components indicates its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antimicrobial properties.

➢ Pharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics of Yarrow (Achilea millefolium): A review.
Commonly used for gastrointestinal discomfort, liver and gynecological conditions, inflammation resistance, and wound healing. It exhibits potential anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties.

【Component Analysis】

1. Chamazulene

• Azulene is a blue substance formed during the distillation process.
Chamazulene is derived from azulene.
• Benefits: Regulates inflammation, modulates leukotrienes (inflammatory precursors), aids in skin recovery, and assists with ulcers.

➢ In vitro and in vivo models have shown that Chamazulene reverses arthritis inflammation by regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the NF-kβ pathway.

2. Sabinene

• Benefits: Regulates chronic inflammation.

➢  Sabinene has been found to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy by modulating the rat MAPK-MuRF-1 pathway.

3. ß-caryophyllene

• Benefits: Regulates inflammation, provides pain relief, aids in wound healing.

➢  Beta-caryophyllene assists in wound healing through multiple pathways.

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses/Features

1. Skincare Products

Such as: Facial soap, cleansing mousse, toner, essence, emulsion, skin balancing lotion, cream, eye cream, etc.
Effects: Cleanses and inhibits microorganisms, balances skin, soothes and regulates, purifies the skin, and aids in skin recovery.

2. Body Care Products

Such as: Shampoo, shower gel, bath accessories, soothing lotion, soothing balm.
Effects: Inhibits microorganisms, soothes inflammation, relieves itching, alleviates skin discomfort, improves circulation, and promotes wound healing.

3. Daily Necessities Products

Such as: Massage oil, pain relief ointment, etc.
Effects: Soothes/relaxes muscles, aids in bile secretion, alleviates sprains and pain, and has anti-anxiety effects.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products 

Such as: Purifying spray, hand wash.
Effects: Inhibits microorganisms, purifies the air.

➢  Hydroxyethanol extract of Yarrow: An effective ingredient used in cosmetics, with significant potential to enhance the effectiveness of cosmetic ingredients.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage

• Solubility: Lipophilic (fat-soluble)

• Mixing Method

Add at room temperature without additional heating to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

Add the cosmetic product to the oil phase for dissolution at room temperature, and then mix and participate in the emulsification process.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material; it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Conduct a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.
• Please use in normal doses.

Reference｜

1. Ding Ma , Jinlong He , Dapeng He. Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo models. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Feb;84(2): 402-410.
2. Rezaei S, Ashkar F, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Gholamalizadeh M, Mazloom Z, Doaei S. Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis . 2020 Apr 27;19(1):81.
3. Gaweł-Bęben K, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Czop M, Sakipova Z, Głowniak K, Kukula-Koch W. Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. Hydroglycolic Extracts-Bioactive Ingredients for Cosmetic Use.Molecules. 2020 Jul 24; 25(15):3368.
4. Yunkyoung Ryu et al. Sabinene Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting the MAPK-MuRF-1 Pathway in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 8;20(19):4955.
5. Ayoobi F, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Amiri H, Vakilian A, Heidari M, Farahmand H, Fathollahi MS, Fatemi I, Shafiei SA, Alahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Achillea millefolium is beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2019 Jan;52:89-97.
6. Sachiko Koyama et al. Beta-caryophyllene enhances wound healing through multiple routes, PLoS One. 2019 Dec 16;14(12):e0216104.
7. Ali SI, Gopalakrishnan B, Venkatesalu V. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytother Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):1140-1161.
8. García-Risco MR, Mouhid L, Salas-Pérez L, López-Padilla A, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Ramírez de Molina A, Reglero G, Fornari T. Biological Activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) Plant Extracts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2017 Mar;72(1):96-102.
9. Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA.Safety Assessment of Achillea millefolium as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2016 Nov;35(3 suppl):5S-15S.
10. Akram M.Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn. J Membr Biol. 2013 Sep;246(9):661-3.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Yarrow 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Lavender Spike
Lavandula latifolia

【Overview】

Origin | Spain
Plant Family | Lamiaceae
Plant Odor | It has a mixture of grassy and herbal scents, providing a refreshing aroma that can invigorate the mind. However, the scent may vary depending on the chemical composition of the origin.
Extraction Part | Whole plant
Extraction Method | Distillation

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Linalool (20-50%), 1,8-Cineole (20-35%), Camphor (8-20%) Borneol

Linalool (20-50%), 1,8-Cineole (20-35%), Camphor (8-20%), Borneol, as well as trace amounts of limonene, pinene, and other components. These components give it anti-inflammatory, expectorant, pain-relieving, and antimicrobial properties. It is often used to help with muscle spasms, respiratory issues, and skin conditions due to its high proportion of monoterpenes.

【Component Analysis】

1. (R)(-)-Linalool

Linalool, also known as "coriandrol," can be further classified as "linalool oxide" and "coriandrol oxide" based on its structure. It is a common aromatic molecule used extensively in the perfume industry for creating various floral scents.

There are two optical isomers of linalool, the "R" and "S" forms, as well as a third "racemic" form. Each has slight olfactory differences, with the "R" form of linalool being more commonly encountered.

Linalool is a gentle ingredient suitable for use on infants and children. It has mild antimicrobial properties and enhances environmental resilience.

• Benefits: Overall antimicrobial and anti-pathogen properties (particularly in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems), nerve calming, sleep aid
• Uses: Fragrance, raw material for synthesizing vitamins E and K

2. 1,8 Cineole

With a small molecular size, 1,8-cineole exhibits strong expectorant and mucosal repair properties, helping to prevent pathogen invasion.

• Benefits: Prevents respiratory pathogen invasion, stimulates environmental resilience, expectorant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, purifying, preservative

• Uses: Everyday products, personal hygiene or cosmetic fragrances. Can be used in industrial products for air freshening. Food flavoring.

3. Camphor 

• Chemical Structure: Ketone

• Benefits: Skin protection, antimicrobial, insect repellent, air freshening, component of local analgesics

• Uses: Pharmaceuticals and important industrial raw materials

➢ Comparison of Lavender Varieties

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses/Features:

➢ The results of research on true lavender and lavender spike essential oils can serve as reference indicators for the development of various skin-regulating botanical cosmetics and herbal medicine ingredients.

➢ By-product of distillation can be utilized as a source of plant antioxidant agents for value-added purposes.

1. Skincare Products:

Benefits: Cleansing, antimicrobial, facial skincare, soothing inflammation, regulating and purifying the skin, promoting skin repair.
Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, serums, lotions, skin-regulating essences, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products:

Benefits: Antimicrobial, soothing inflammation, relieving itching, alleviating discomfort in the skin, promoting circulation, addressing bruises, pain, cracked hands, aiding in unexpected skin repair.
Examples: Shampoos, body washes, soothing lotions, healing balms.

3. Daily Necessities Products:

Benefits: Soothing and calming breathing, refreshing the head, alleviating headaches caused by nasal congestion or mucosal inflammation, relieving respiratory discomfort, preventing upper respiratory discomfort, invigorating and energizing, stabilizing nerves, aiding in unexpected skin repair, providing pain relief primarily for muscle and rheumatic pain.
Examples: Massage oils, cooling sticks, pain relief balms, burn and scald repair balms, etc.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products:

Benefits: Antimicrobial, air purification.
Examples: Purifying sprays, antimicrobial hand soaps, insecticides, and repellents.

【Product Description】

◇ Formulation Applications/Usage:

• Addressing respiratory system issues such as cough, excessive phlegm, respiratory discomfort, air purification.

• Treating unexpected skin injuries.

• Antimicrobial effects.

◇ Precautions:

• Please adjust the usage ratio according to individual skin conditions.

• This product is a raw material, and it is recommended to dilute before use.

• Perform a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.

• Please use in normal dosage.

Reference｜

1. Bernstein N, Akram M, Yaniv-Bachrach Z, Daniyal M. Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy? Phytother Res. 2021 Apr;35(4):1908-1924.
2. Karaca N, Şener G, Demirci B, Demirci F. Synergistic antibacterial combination of Lavandula latifolia Medik. essential oil with camphor. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2020 Nov 2;76(3-4):169-173.
3. Alonso C, Pérez R, Bazaga P, Medrano M, Herrera CM. Within-plant variation in seed size and inflorescence fecundity is associated with epigenetic mosaicism in the shrub Lavandula latifolia (Lamiaceae). Ann Bot. 2018 Jan 25;121( 1):153-160.
4. Herrera CM, Alonso C, Medrano M, Pérez R, Bazaga P. Transgenerational epigenetics: Inheritance of global cytosine methylation and methylation-related epigenetic markers in the shrub Lavandula latifolia. Am J Bot. 2018 Apr;105(4):741 -748.
5. Alejandro Carrasco, Ramiro Martinez-Gutierrez , Virginia Tomas , Jose Tudela. Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula latifolia Essential Oils from Spain: Aromatic Profile and Bioactivities. Planta Med. 2016 Jan;82(1-2):163-70.
6. Carrasco A, Martinez-Gutierrez R, Tomas V, Tudela J. Erratum for: Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula latifolia Essential Oils from Spain: Aromatic Profile and Bioactivities. Planta Med. 2016 Jan;82(1-02):E4.
7. Méndez-Tovar I, Herrero B, Pérez-Magariño S, Pereira JA, Asensio-S-Manzanera MC.By-product of Lavandula latifolia essential oil distillation as source of antioxidants. J Food Drug Anal. 2015 Jun;23(2 ):225-233.
8. Rodrigues N, Malheiro R, Casal S, Asensio-S-Manzanera MC, Bento A, Pereira JA. Influence of spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia Med.) essential oil in the quality, stability and composition of soybean oil during microwave heating. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Aug;50(8):2894-901.
9. Cavanagh HM, Wilkinson JM. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):301-8.
10. Gamez MJ, Zarzuelo A, Risco S, Utrilla P, Jimenez J. Hypoglycemic activity in various species of the genus Lavandula. Part 2: Lavandula dentata and Lavandula latifolia. Pharmazie. 1988 Jun;43(6):441-2.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials | Lavender Spike 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Cistus
Cistus ladaniferus

【Overview】

Key Origin｜Spain
Botanical Family｜Cistaceae
Aroma｜Deep and distinctive woody scent with a hint of musk.
Extraction Part｜Leaves
Extraction Method｜Distillation

Preferred sources are from the Andalusia region in southern Spain, located on the Mediterranean coast, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and facing Morocco to the south. This region experiences hot and dry summers, making it ideal for plant growth. Cistus is native to Spain and is also cultivated in Portugal, France, Sicily, Greece (Crete), Algeria, Morocco, and Cyprus. Wild cistus plants are increasingly discovered throughout the Mediterranean region. They thrive in well-drained sandy soil. The intense Mediterranean summer sun and drought, combined with harsh cold from the north in winter, contribute to the cistus's robust self-healing abilities. Its abundant aromatic resin easily heals broken branches and leaves. The essential oil obtained through resin distillation has the power to soothe past traumas embedded deep within the soul and skin.

➢ Essential Oil V.S. Absolute

【Key Benefits】

◇ Main Components｜Monoterpenes, Monoterpenols, Diterpenols (Labdanol)

The main constituents include α-pinene (up to 55% content), camphene, bornyl acetate, ledol, hinokitiol, sabinene, and many others.

Cistus possesses strong health-supporting properties by combating natural oxidation, regulating environmental defense, and inhibiting microbial activity. It has regulatory effects on pathogen proliferation, protecting the respiratory system, and can be used during flu periods. It has also demonstrated significant effects in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of prostate cells, showcasing its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities, which can be applied to benign and malignant prostate enlargement as well as other cancer treatments. Extracts derived from cistus significantly enhance the body's defense mechanisms and possess the ability to regulate sensitive skin. cistus contains numerous polyphenols that can neutralize free radicals, regulate the formation and progression of inflammation within the body, and strengthen cardiovascular health.

【Component Analysis】

1. α-Pinene

α-Pinene is one of the widely distributed terpenes in nature.
It can reduce proinflammatory cytokines, regulate the excessive expression of inflammatory factors, and thus have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, helping in the healing of damaged tissues.
• Benefits: Regulates inflammation, has the ability to regulate sensitive skin.
• Application: In the chemical industry, α-pinene is catalytically oxidized to produce various artificial fragrances, such as camphorone.

(Reference: U. Neuenschwander, Mechanism of the Aerobic Oxidation of α-Pinene, ChemSusChem. 2010, 3 (1): pp. 75–84)

2. Camphene

• Benefits: Reduces respiratory mucus secretion.
• Application: Used in the preparation of fragrances or as a food flavoring additive.

3. Bomyl acetate (also known as Borneol Acetate)

It can be isolated from essential oils or synthesized by acetylation of levorotatory borneol with acetic anhydride.

• Benefits: Reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, helps relieve stress, aids in sleep.
• Application: Used in the formulation of perfumes.

4. Himbaccol

• Benefits: Exhibits anti-tuberculosis activity, regulates inflammation, and possesses antioxidative properties.

【Market Applications】

◇ Usage/Characteristics

• • Clears the respiratory system and helps reduce mucus.
• Aids in wound healing and the recovery of new and old wounds.
• Softens the skin, protects and smooths wrinkles, soothes sensitive skin.
• Alleviates anxiety, stabilizes the nerves, nourishes.

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing, softens the skin, balances the complexion, soothes inflammation, regulates and purifies the skin, protects the skin, smooths wrinkles.
Examples: Facial soaps, cleansing mousses, toners, serums, lotions, skin-balancing fluids, creams, eye creams, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Benefits: Antimicrobial, soothes inflammation and itching, relieves discomfort of the skin, alleviates anxiety.
Examples: Shampoos, body washes, bath products, soothing lotions.

3. Daily Necessities Products

Benefits: Clears the respiratory system, helps reduce mucus, aids in wound healing, heals new and old wounds, relieves gout, rheumatoid arthritis, muscle or joint pain, calms anxiety, stabilizes the nerves, nourishes.
Examples: Nasal sprays, soothing massage oils, ointments, perfumes, etc.

4. Household Cleaning Products

Benefits: Inhibits microbial growth, purifies the air.
Examples: Purifying sprays, cleansing hand soaps.

【Product Information】

◇ Formulation/Application

• Solubility: Lipophilic (oil-soluble).
• Mixing method:
Add at room temperature, no additional heating required, avoiding prolonged high temperatures.
Add the oil component before emulsification in cosmetics, dissolve, and mix before emulsification.

◇ Precautions

• Adjust usage proportions according to individual skin condition.
• This product is a raw material, it is recommended to dilute before use.
• Perform a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.
• Use in normal doses.

References｜

1.Zygmunt Zdrojewicz et al. [Cistus - queenof teas] Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2018. Aug 29;45(266):53-56.

2.El Kabbaoui M, Chda A, El-Akhal J, Azdad O,Mejrhit N, Aarab L, Bencheikh R, Tazi A. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studiesof the aqueous extract from leaves of Cistus ladaniferus L. inmice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Sep 14;209:147-156.

3.Guinoiseau E, et al. Susceptibility of themulti-drug resistant strain of Enterobacter aerogenes EA289 to the terpenealcohols from Cistus ladaniferus essential oil. Nat Prod Commun.2011 Aug;6(8):1159-62.
4.U. Neuenschwander, Mechanism of the AerobicOxidation of α-Pinene, ChemSusChem. 2010, 3 (1): pp. 75–84
5.Amensour M, Sendra E, Pérez-Alvarez JA,Skali-Senhaji N, Abrini J, Fernández-López J. Antioxidant activity and chemicalcontent of methanol and ethanol extracts from leaves of rockrose (Cistus ladaniferus).Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2010 Jun;65(2):170-8.
6.Belmokhtar M, et al. Antihypertensive andendothelium-dependent vasodilator effects of aqueous extractof Cistus ladaniferus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Nov6;389(1):145-9.
7.Aziz M, et al. Relaxant effect of aqueousextract of Cistus ladaniferus on rodent intestinal contractions.Fitoterapia. 2006 Sep;77(6):425-8.
8.Regulatory mechanism of food factors in bonemetabolism and prevention of osteoporosis.Yamaguchi M. Yakugaku Zasshi.2006 Nov;126(11):1117-37.
9.Nagai T, et al. Antioxidative ability in alinoleic acid oxidation system and scavenging abilities against active oxygenspecies of enzymatic hydrolysates from pollen Cistus ladaniferus. IntJ Mol Med. 2005 Feb;15(2):259-63.
10.Mekhfi H, et al. Platelet anti-aggregant property of some Moroccanmedicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Oct;94(2-3):317-22.
11[Contribution to the study of the essenceof Cistus ladaniferus]. Buenadicha P. Farmacognosia.1964;24(3):85-104.

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這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜Cistus 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

Vetiver
Vetiveria zizanoides

【Overview】

Important origin | Sri Lanka
Botanical family | Poaceae
Plant scent | A blend of earthy and grassy notes, which may be initially resistant but gradually captivating due to its layered aroma
Extraction part | Roots
Extraction method | Distillation

Preferred from the year-round summer-like climate of Dambulla, Sri Lanka, which experiences a tropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 28℃. Located in Dambulla, Sri Lanka, it offers the sticky loamy soil that Vetiver prefers, along with a rich variety of plant species in the mountainous region.

Vetiver derives from the Tamil word "Vetiverr," meaning "to cut with an axe." Its leaves resemble those of a reed, often forming dense clusters. Vetiver has upright stems with numerous branching, soft and resilient rhizomes (rootstalks) that firmly anchor the plant and contribute to its strength derived from the soil. It is considered a "herbaceous plant with a long root system" as its deep roots can reach lengths of 3 to 4 meters underground.

As a result, the collection and extraction process of Vetiver essential oil are complex and time-consuming. Harvesting workers need to manually dig the extensive root system underground, thoroughly clean them, and then cut them into shorter lengths for drying in a cool place for 1-2 days to enhance the richness of the extracted oil.

【Main Benefits】

◇ Main components｜Sesquiterpenol (50-75%)

Vetiver has a diverse composition, with the main component being vetiselinenol, along with beta-vetivenene, delta-selinene, vetiver esters, alpha-vetivone, beta-vetivone, khusimone, acids, and others. Its aroma is mainly influenced by α-, ß- vetiver ketones and khusimone, described as sweet, woody, and smoky.

【Composition Analysis】

1. Vetiselinenol

It exists in four different isomers and is collectively known as vetiselinenol in Vetiver essential oil.
As a sesquiterpene alcohol, it possesses characteristics such as regulating resistance, maintaining cellular health, balancing the autonomic nervous system, and promoting overall mind-body balance.
• Benefits: Enhances red blood cell oxygen-carrying capacity, strengthens veins, and helps prevent varicose veins.
• Application: Widely used in the chemical industry for sandalwood, violet, various oriental fragrances, woody fragrances, agarwood, rose musk, and as a fixative for mossy scents and the base of certain floral fragrances.

2. β-vetivenene (also known as Vetiverol)

• Benefits: It has calming and soothing effects, can alleviate muscle pain, and nourish the skin.
• Applications: It can be used in various industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, chemical compounds involved in cellular energy production, and as a stabilizer for cell membranes.

3.  α、β- vetivone

α- vetivone

β- vetivone

• Belonging to the group of vetiver ketones, α and β-Vetivone are relatively soft, stable, and nourishing to the nerves, promoting cellular health.
• Benefits: They have calming and soothing effects on the nervous system, can alleviate stress, and improve sleep quality.
• Applications: They are used in the preparation of certain high-value perfumes.

【Market Applications】

◇ Uses / Characteristics 

• Respiratory purification, helping to reduce mucus
• Regulating heat stroke and cooling the body in high temperatures
• Free radical regulation
• Regulating skin issues and promoting skin and tissue health
• Alleviating joint problems
• Calming anxiety and nervousness, stabilizing the nerves
• Regulating sleep discomfort symptoms
• Enhancing libido
• Boosting environmental resistance and the nervous system

1. Skincare Products

Benefits: Cleansing and inhibiting bacteria, regulating acne, purifying the skin, repairing fine lines, balancing the skin, soothing wrinkles, and toning the skin.
Examples: Facial soap, cleansing foam, toner, serum, lotion, skin-balancing essence, cream, eye cream, etc.

2. Body Care Products

Benefits: Inhibiting bacteria, restoring skin radiance, promoting skin health, soothing anxiety, and cleansing the scalp from lice.
Examples: Shampoo, body wash, bath products, soothing lotion, scalp care solution.

3. Daily Necessities Products

Benefits: Protecting against cell damage caused by free radicals, repairing skin scars, soothing joint pain, calming anxiety, stabilizing the nerves, promoting sleep, and assisting with decreased libido due to mental and physical stress.
Examples: Soothing massage oil, healing ointment, medicated creams, perfume, aphrodisiacs, etc.

4. Environmental Cleaning Products

Benefits: Repelling and controlling mosquito larvae, acting as insecticides and repellents, serving as a fragrance fixative.
Examples: Purifying sprays, insecticides, repellents, mosquito repellents, perfume industry.

➢ Vetiver extract can renew skin lipids, providing comprehensive anti-aging effects.

➢ A study on an extract containing vetiver has demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.

➢ This research suggests that vetiver extract may interact with neurotransmitters related to anxiety and learning and memory, thereby exhibiting significant anti-anxiety and cognitive-enhancing effects.

【Product Description】

◇ Formula Application/Usage

• Solubility: Lipophilic
• Mixing Method:
Add at room temperature, no additional heating required to avoid prolonged high temperatures.
Add oil-based ingredients to cosmetics before emulsification, and participate in emulsification after mixing.

◇ Precautions

• Please adjust the usage proportion according to individual skin conditions.
• This product is a raw material and is recommended to be diluted before use.
• Perform a patch test on a small area of the skin before applying to the face.
• Please use normal dosage.

References｜

1.De Tollenaere M, et al. Overall renewal ofskin lipids with Vetiver extract for a complete anti-ageing strategy.Int J Cosmet Sci. 2021 Apr;43(2):165-180.

2.Devanathadesikan Seshadri V, et al. In vitroantioxidant and cytotoxic activities of polyherbal extractsfrom Vetiveria zizanioides, Trichosanthes cucumerina, and Mollugocerviana on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020Jun;27(6):1475-1481.

3.Matsuo Y, et al. Vetiverianines A, B, and C:Sesquiterpenoids from Vetiveria zizanioides Roots. J Nat Prod.2016 Sep 23;79(9):2175-80.

4.Matsubara E, et al. Volatiles emitted fromthe roots of Vetiveria zizanioides suppress the decline inattention during a visual display terminal task. Biomed Res. 2012;33(5):299-308..

5.Rathnayake H, et al. Comparison of In VitroAntibacterial Activity of Epaltes divaricata and Vetiveria zizanioides againstMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Scientifica (Cairo). 2020 Jul14;2020:8239053.

6.Kannappan A, et al. Antibiofilm activityof Vetiveria zizanioides root extract againstmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog. 2017 Sep;110:313-324.

7.David A, et al. Chemical Composition,Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activitiesof Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Essential Oil Extracted byCarbon Dioxide Expanded Ethanol. Molecules. 2019 May 17;24(10):1897.

8.SCCS members, et al. Opinion of theScientific Committee on consumer safety (SCCS) - Final opinion on the safety offragrance ingredient Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) -(Vetiveria zizanioides root extract acetylated) - Submission III.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Oct;107:104389.

9.Agronomic and economic evaluation of Vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) as means for phytoremediation ofdiesel polluted soils in Israel. Dudai N, et al. J Environ Manage. 2018Apr 1;211:247-255.

10.Burger P, et al. Vetiver Essential Oil in Cosmetics: What IsNew? Medicines (Basel). 2017 Jun 16;4(2):41.

11.Nirwane AM, et al. Anxiolytic and nootropic activityof Vetiveria zizanioides roots in mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med.2015;6(3):158-64.

12.Del Giudice L, et al. The microbial community of Vetiver rootand its involvement into essential oil biogenesis. Environ Microbiol. 2008Oct;10(10):2824-41.

｜Some images sourced from the internet. Contact for copyright removal.｜

這篇文章 Introduction to Raw Materials｜ Vetiver 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Hinoki (cypress) mainly grows in mountainous areas with an altitude of 1,500 to 2,500 meters. These Hinoki trees settled in Taiwan during the glacial period. Taiwan provides an excellent latitude for growth and geographical environment, it has nurtured a superior Hinoki ecology and quality, and also allowed such precious wood to be preserved.

The first discovered specimens of Hinoki were transported to Tokyo and officially named in 1901 as Taiwan Benihi. Taiwan Benihi is closely related to the Japanese Hinoki (Chamaecyparis pisifera) and both originally had extensive forests, which have significantly diminished over time due to excessive logging, making them highly valuable.

Taiwan Benihi is a unique species found in Taiwan. Its bark is smooth and thin, and the wood has no spicy scent, making it commonly used in high-end construction and furniture materials.

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Component：Sesquiterpenols

Taiwan Benihi has a particularly high content of Hinokitiol, and its natural hinokitiol fragrance can relieve nervousness and stress. At present, there are fewer and fewer Taiwan Benihi trees in the world. The Hinokitiol secreted by the tree can protect itself from insects and diseases, so it can survive for more than a thousand years, and it has become a sacred tree.

Taiwan Benihi essential oil extracted from the branches is mainly Sesquiterpenols, while the essential oil extracted from the needle-like leaves is mainly monoterpenes. There are also other ingredients, such as: myrtenol, myrtenyl, g-cadiene, terpene, camphorene, p-cymene, and terpineol, camphor, etc.

｜Component：Hinokitiol

▸ Taiwan Benihi has a high content of Hinokitiol.

｜Research Validation

▸ Studies show the association of hinokitiol in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).

▸ Recent studies have shown that Hinokitiol is effective against a variety of human viruses, including rhinovirus, coxsackievirus and mangovirus, when used in combination with zinc compounds.

▸ Its components are currently widely used in medicines, cosmetics, edibles, etc. in Germany, Japan, the United States and other countries.

｜Raw Material Certifications

To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report

Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)

Raw Material Product Technical Data Sheet

IFRA51
Conformity Certificate

82 EU allergens

▎References

1. Chedgy R(2010). Secondary metabolites of Western red cedar (Thuja plicata): their biotechnological applications and role in conferring natural durability. LAPLambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-8383-4661-8.
2. Secretariat,Treasury Board of Canada; Secretariat, Treasury Board of Canada. "Detailedcategorization results of the Domestic Substances List - Open Government Portal". open.canada.ca. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
3. Grillo AS, SantaMaria AM, Kafina MD, Cioffi AG, Huston NC, Han M, et al. (May 2017). "Restorediron transport by a small molecule promotes absorption and hemoglobinization inanimals". Science. 356 (6338): 608 –616.
4. Service RF (May2017). "Iron Man molecule restores balance tocells". Science Magazine. AAAS. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
   5. Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Hinokitiol on Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Dissertation, Taipei Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences; 2010 (2010 / 01 / 01), P1 – 81
5. Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Hinokitiol on Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Dissertation, Taipei Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences; 2010 (2010 / 01 / 01), P1 – 81
6. Inhibitory effect of PDGF-BB and serum-stimulated responses in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by hinokitiol via up-regulation of p21 and p53. April 2018 Archives of Medical Science 14(3):579-587
7. IP Australia: AusPat". Australian Government - Intellectual Property Australia. Retrieved 2020-05-20
8. Shih YH, Chang KW, Hsia SM, Yu CC, Fuh LJ, Chi TY, Shieh TM (June 2013). "In vitroantimicrobial and anticancer potential of hinokitiol against oral pathogens and oral cancer cell lines". Microbiological Research. 168 (5 ): 254–62.
9. Morita Y, SakagamiY, Okabe T, Ohe T, Inamori Y, Ishida N (September 2007). "The mechanism of the bacterial activity of hinokitiol". Biocontrol Science. 12 (3):101–10
   10.Wang TH, Hsia SM, WuCH, Ko SY, Chen MY, Shih YH, et al. (2016-09-28). "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Liquid and Vapor Phase Phenolic Essential Oil Compounds against Oral Microorganisms". PloS One . 11 (9): e0163147.
10. Jayakumar T, Liu CH, Wu GY, Lee TY, Manubolu M, Hsieh CY, et al. (March 2018). "Hinokitiol Inhibits Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells via Suppression of MMPs and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Apoptosis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (4).
11. Krenn BM, GaudernakE, Holzer B, Lanke K, Van Kuppeveld FJ, Seipelt J (January 2009). "Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiola against picornavirus infections". Journal of Virology. 83 (1): 58–64 .

｜Some images sourced from the internet. Contact for copyright removal｜

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這篇文章 Raw Material Introduction｜Taiwan Benihi (Hinoki) 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。

▎Pengantar Minyak Esensial

Sebagian besar berasal dari pegunungan tinggi Taiwan. Hinoki (cypress) terutama tersebar di pegunungan antara 1500 meter dan 2500 meter di atas permukaan laut. Hinoki berada di Taiwan sejak Zaman Es, karena Taiwan terletak di garis lintang dan memiliki lingkungan geografis yang sangat baik, sehingga menciptakan kualitas lingkungan yang baik untuk Hinoki, juga memungkinkan kayu berharga tersebut dilestarikan.

Spesimen Hinoki yang pertama kali ditemukan dikirim ke Tokyo dan secara resmi diberi nama Taiwan Benihi pada tahun 1901. Taiwan Benihi dan Sawara Cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera) merupakan spesies yang berkerabat dekat. Kedua spesies ini memiliki banyak hutan pada masa awal. Belakangan, menjadi sangat langka akibat penebangan, sehingga sangat berharga.

Taiwan Benihi merupakan spesies unik di Taiwan, kulit batang halus dan tipis, serta kayunya tidak berbau pedas, sering digunakan pada bangunan kelas atas dan bahan furnitur.

▎Analisis Komponen

｜Komponen Utama：Sesquiterpenols

Taiwan Benihi memiliki kandungan hinokitiol yang sangat tinggi, dan aroma hinokitiol alaminya dapat menghilangkan rasa tegang dan stres. Saat ini, jumlah pohon Taiwan Benihi di dunia semakin sedikit. Hinokitiol yang dikeluarkan oleh pohon tersebut dapat melindungi dirinya dari serangga dan penyakit, sehingga dapat bertahan lebih dari seribu tahun, dan telah menjadi pohon keramat.

Minyak atsiri Taiwan Benihi yang diekstraksi dari cabangnya sebagian besar mengandung Sesquiterpenols, sedangkan minyak atsiri yang diekstraksi dari daun jarumnya sebagian besar mengandung monoterpene. Ada juga bahan lain seperti: myrtenol, myrtenyl, g-cadiene, terpene, camphorene, p-cymene, dan terpineol, camphor, dll.

｜Komponen：Hinokitiol

▸ Taiwan Benihi memiliki kandungan Hinokitiol yang sangat tinggi.

｜Validasi Studi

▸ Studi menunjukkan hubungan hinokitiol dalam sel otot polos pembuluh darah (VSMC).

▸ Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa Hinokitiol efektif melawan berbagai virus manusia, termasuk rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, dan mangovirus, bila digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan senyawa seng.

▸ Bahan-bahannya saat ini banyak digunakan dalam obat-obatan, kosmetik, makanan, dll. di Jerman, Jepang, Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara lain.

｜Sertifikasi Bahan Baku

Untuk mendapatkan informasi sertifikasi yang relevan, silakan hubungi kami.

Laporan spesifikasi produk COA
Laporan analisis GC/M

Laporan keamanan logistik
MSDS

Laporan teknis bahan baku produk

Sertifikat IFRA51

82 EU allergens

▎Referensi

1. Chedgy R(2010). Secondary metabolites of Western red cedar (Thuja plicata): their biotechnological applications and role in conferring natural durability. LAPLambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-8383-4661-8.
2. Secretariat,Treasury Board of Canada; Secretariat, Treasury Board of Canada. "Detailedcategorization results of the Domestic Substances List - Open Government Portal". open.canada.ca. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
3. Grillo AS, SantaMaria AM, Kafina MD, Cioffi AG, Huston NC, Han M, et al. (May 2017). "Restorediron transport by a small molecule promotes absorption and hemoglobinization inanimals". Science. 356 (6338): 608 –616.
4. Service RF (May2017). "Iron Man molecule restores balance tocells". Science Magazine. AAAS. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
   5. Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Hinokitiol on Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Dissertation, Taipei Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences; 2010 (2010 / 01 / 01), P1 – 81
5. Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Hinokitiol on Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Dissertation, Taipei Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences; 2010 (2010 / 01 / 01), P1 – 81
6. Inhibitory effect of PDGF-BB and serum-stimulated responses in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by hinokitiol via up-regulation of p21 and p53. April 2018 Archives of Medical Science 14(3):579-587
7. IP Australia: AusPat". Australian Government - Intellectual Property Australia. Retrieved 2020-05-20
8. Shih YH, Chang KW, Hsia SM, Yu CC, Fuh LJ, Chi TY, Shieh TM (June 2013). "In vitroantimicrobial and anticancer potential of hinokitiol against oral pathogens and oral cancer cell lines". Microbiological Research. 168 (5 ): 254–62.
9. Morita Y, SakagamiY, Okabe T, Ohe T, Inamori Y, Ishida N (September 2007). "The mechanism of the bacterial activity of hinokitiol". Biocontrol Science. 12 (3):101–10
   10.Wang TH, Hsia SM, WuCH, Ko SY, Chen MY, Shih YH, et al. (2016-09-28). "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Liquid and Vapor Phase Phenolic Essential Oil Compounds against Oral Microorganisms". PloS One . 11 (9): e0163147.
10. Jayakumar T, Liu CH, Wu GY, Lee TY, Manubolu M, Hsieh CY, et al. (March 2018). "Hinokitiol Inhibits Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells via Suppression of MMPs and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Apoptosis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (4).
11. Krenn BM, GaudernakE, Holzer B, Lanke K, Van Kuppeveld FJ, Seipelt J (January 2009). "Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiola against picornavirus infections". Journal of Virology. 83 (1): 58–64 .

｜Beberapa gambar berasal dari Internet. Jika ada pelanggaran, silakan hubungi kami untuk menghapusnya｜

▎Artikel Lainnya

• 配方逻辑 | 为什么高端植萃&芳疗护肤产品，都讲究「黄金配比」？2026 年 7 月 22 日
• 樸真Pureness·第30届CBE｜马达加斯加溯源特展惊艳全场，以全链芳疗实力赋能精油行业2026 年 7 月 22 日
• 如何寻找理想的国内香水批发商建立长期合作2026 年 7 月 22 日

這篇文章 Perkenalan Bahan Baku｜Taiwan Benihi (Hinoki) 最早出現於 樸真精油专家。